【摘要】：目前,碳纖維增強復合材料(CFRP)儲氫氣瓶是高壓儲氫技術的重要實現(xiàn)方式,以其獨特的優(yōu)勢而倍受國內外青睞。復合材料儲氫氣瓶的失效行為和極限強度等相關研究仍然是其優(yōu)化設計的基礎和關鍵性工作。然而,由于高壓儲氫氣瓶快速充放氫過程會發(fā)生顯著的溫升效應,導致復合材料氣瓶長期在高溫、高壓循環(huán)載荷下工作,使其力學行為和失效機理變得異常復雜。因此,研究復合材料氣瓶在快充氫過程的溫升效應和熱力耦合行為,以及開展氣瓶漸進失效分析和疲勞壽命預測分析,成為目前急需解決的重要問題。為了達到以上目標,本文展開了一系列深入研究,主要研究內容和相關創(chuàng)新成果如下：(1)在70MPa快速充放氫疲勞試驗系統(tǒng)上,開展了復合材料氣瓶快充溫升效應試驗,詳細分析了快充過程的溫升變化機理；進而開展了氣瓶快充氫疲勞循環(huán)試驗,得到了氣瓶氫環(huán)境下的疲勞壽命和失效機理。試驗過程中采用了相應的監(jiān)測手段以確保系統(tǒng)的安全運行并實時監(jiān)測受試氣瓶的失效狀態(tài)。(2)建立了快充過程理論分析模型,分析了各個充裝參數對快充溫升過程的影響；基于理論分析建立了CFD計算模型,研究了各個充裝因素對溫升效應的影響規(guī)律并提出了可行的降低溫升效應的控制策略和加氫方案。最后建立了氣瓶FEA計算模型,基于ABAQUS順序熱力耦合分析方法,研究了氣瓶快充過程的熱力耦合行為,分析了溫升效應對氣瓶力學性能的影響機理。(3)基于微觀力學失效理論(MMF),并結合連續(xù)介質損傷力學理論(CDM),提出了復合材料氣瓶漸進失效分析方法。通過微觀力學分析,將復合材料層板結構分析從宏觀尺度轉換到微觀尺度,進而引入基于組分失效的損傷變量,建立復合材料三維損傷本構關系和損傷演化模型,從而實現(xiàn)對復合材料氣瓶復雜失效模式和最終強度的準確預測。整個漸進失效分析過程借助ABAQUS用戶子程序(UMAT)編程實現(xiàn)。(4)提出了基于組分強度分析的復合材料疲勞壽命計算方法。通過微觀力學失效理論(MMF),將復合材料加速測試方法(ATM)擴展到組分層面,建立了組分疲勞強度控制曲線；同時基于三維彈性理論,建立了柱坐標系下復合材料氣瓶筒體應力分析模型。最后基于宏-微觀應力計算和組分疲勞強度曲線,建立了ATM/MMF氣瓶疲勞分析模型,通過MATLAB編程計算,成功預測了復合材料氣瓶在內壓循環(huán)載荷和高溫載荷作用下的疲勞壽命。
[Abstract]:At present, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) hydrogen storage gas cylinder is an important way of high pressure hydrogen storage technology, because of its unique advantages, it is favored at home and abroad. The research on failure behavior and ultimate strength of composite hydrogen storage cylinder is still the basis and key work of its optimal design. However, the rapid charging and releasing process of high pressure hydrogen storage gas cylinder will have a significant temperature rise effect, which leads to the composite gas cylinder working under high temperature and high pressure cyclic load for a long time, which makes the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of composite gas cylinder extremely complicated. Therefore, it is an important problem to study the temperature rise effect and thermo-mechanical coupling behavior of composite gas cylinders in the process of rapid hydrogen charging, as well as to carry out progressive failure analysis and fatigue life prediction analysis of gas cylinders. In order to achieve the above goals, a series of in-depth studies have been carried out in this paper. The main research contents and related innovative achievements are as follows: (1) in the 70MPa rapid hydrogen charging fatigue test system, the temperature rise effect test of composite gas cylinders is carried out. The mechanism of temperature rise during rapid charging is analyzed in detail and the fatigue life and failure mechanism of gas cylinder under hydrogen environment are obtained by carrying out the fatigue cycle test of gas cylinder. In order to ensure the safe operation of the system and monitor the failure state of the tested gas cylinder in real time, the corresponding monitoring means are adopted in the test process. (2) the theoretical analysis model of the rapid charging process is established, and the influence of each filling parameter on the rapid charging temperature rising process is analyzed. Based on the theoretical analysis, the CFD calculation model was established, and the influence of each filling factor on the temperature rise effect was studied, and a feasible control strategy and hydrogenation scheme to reduce the temperature rise effect were put forward. Finally, the FEA calculation model of gas cylinder is established. Based on the Abaqus sequential thermodynamic coupling analysis method, the thermodynamic coupling behavior of the gas cylinder rapid charging process is studied. The mechanism of the effect of temperature rise on the mechanical properties of gas cylinders is analyzed. (3) based on the micromechanical failure theory (MMF) and the continuum damage mechanics theory (CDM), a progressive failure analysis method for composite gas cylinders is proposed. Through the micromechanics analysis, the composite laminate structure analysis is transformed from macroscopic scale to microscopic scale, and then the damage variable based on component failure is introduced, and the three-dimensional damage constitutive relation and damage evolution model of composite are established. Thus, the complex failure mode and ultimate strength of composite gas cylinder can be predicted accurately. The whole process of progressive failure analysis is realized by Abaqus user subprogram (UMAT). (4) A method for calculating the fatigue life of composite materials based on component strength analysis is proposed. Based on the micromechanical failure theory (MMF), the accelerated testing method (ATM) of composite materials is extended to the component level, and the fatigue strength control curve is established, which is based on the three-dimensional elastic theory. The stress analysis model of composite cylinder in cylindrical coordinate system is established. Finally, the fatigue analysis model of ATM / MMF cylinder is established based on the calculation of macro and micro stress and the fatigue strength curve of components. The fatigue life of composite cylinder under internal pressure cyclic load and high temperature load is successfully predicted by MATLAB programming.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TQ053.2;TB33

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