發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-03 18:38

  本文選題：正滲透 + 膜污染��； 參考：《膜科學(xué)與技術(shù)》2017年01期

【摘要】：正滲透技術(shù)因其能耗低、水回收率高、截留能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)勢(shì),成為極具發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ哪し蛛x技術(shù).然而,膜污染引起水通量持續(xù)下降,膜壽命縮短等問題嚴(yán)重制約了正滲透技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用.如何有效控制膜污染已經(jīng)成為正滲透技術(shù)亟需解決的問題.本綜述從正滲透膜污染的角度出發(fā),詳細(xì)總結(jié)了正滲透膜的污染特征,全面介紹了抗污染正滲透膜的研究成果.通過對(duì)比眾多的研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),正滲透膜的性質(zhì)、膜朝向、原料液性質(zhì)以及膜過程操作條件是影響正滲透膜污染形成與清除的重要因素.通過優(yōu)化操作條件雖然可部分減輕膜污染,但不能徹底解決膜污染問題.開發(fā)抗污染正滲透膜仍是根治膜污染的重要解決方案.最后詳細(xì)介紹了目前抗污染正滲透膜的制備方法,包括雙皮層結(jié)構(gòu)正滲透膜的制備及結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控、膜表面抗污染改性、開發(fā)抗污染親水膜材料制備正滲透膜等.其中,新型兩親性共聚物作為支撐層材料展現(xiàn)出良好的發(fā)展?jié)摿?是未來抗污染正滲透膜的發(fā)展方向.
[Abstract]:Due to its advantages of low energy consumption, high water recovery rate and strong retention ability, normal osmotic technology has become a potential membrane separation technology. However, the development and application of forward osmotic technology are seriously restricted by membrane fouling, which leads to the continuous decrease of water flux and the shortening of membrane life. How to effectively control membrane fouling has become an urgent problem for forward osmotic technology. From the point of view of normal osmotic membrane fouling, the characteristics of normal osmotic membrane pollution were summarized in detail, and the research results of antifouling normal osmotic membrane were introduced. By comparing the results of many studies, it is found that the properties of the membrane, the orientation of the membrane, the properties of the raw material liquid and the operating conditions of the membrane process are the important factors affecting the formation and removal of the fouling of the membrane. Although the membrane fouling can be partly alleviated by optimizing the operating conditions, the problem of membrane fouling can not be solved completely. The development of anti-fouling positive osmotic membrane is still an important solution to cure membrane fouling. At last, the preparation methods of antifouling forward osmotic membrane were introduced in detail, including the preparation and structure regulation of bicortical structure forward osmotic membrane, anti-fouling modification of membrane surface, development of antifouling hydrophilic membrane material, preparation of orthoosmotic membrane and so on. Among them, new amphiphilic copolymers as supporting layer materials show good development potential, which is the future development direction of antifouling positive osmotic membranes.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院煙臺(tái)海岸帶研究所山東省環(huán)境工程研究中心中國(guó)科學(xué)院海岸帶環(huán)境過程與生態(tài)修復(fù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院海洋化學(xué)理論與工程技術(shù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(21476249) 山東省科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃(2014GHY115021) 分離膜與膜過程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(天津工業(yè)大學(xué))開放課題(M1-201503)
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.893

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