本文選題：光催化燃料電池 + 有機污染物��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人口的增長及工業(yè)的發(fā)展,大量的生活污水和工業(yè)廢水排放入水體,其中不乏難降解的有機污染物,造成了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞,對人類的生存與健康構(gòu)成了極大的威脅,同時也不可避免的加劇了能源危機的爆發(fā)。而傳統(tǒng)的污水處理技術(shù)已經(jīng)不能滿足現(xiàn)代對于污染物處理的需求,因此發(fā)展更經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的環(huán)境污染治理技術(shù)已是迫在眉睫。半導(dǎo)體光催化氧化技術(shù)作為高級氧化技術(shù)最具前途的污染物處理技術(shù)之一,與傳統(tǒng)的污染物處理技術(shù)相比具有綠色、節(jié)能、高效、無二次污染等優(yōu)點,其能夠在常溫下將有機污染物完全氧化分解。在半導(dǎo)體光催化氧化技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)原電池原理設(shè)計的光催化燃料電池是近年來發(fā)展的新型水處理技術(shù),能夠同步實現(xiàn)有機污染物的氧化分解和化學(xué)能的資源化利用,被認(rèn)為是未來水處理技術(shù)的重要發(fā)展方向之一。其中,單光子型光催化燃料電池憑借其較高的開路電壓和放電電流,更具備未來實用意義。但是目前傳統(tǒng)的單光子型光催化燃料電池(Single-Photon Photocatalytic Fuel-cell)尚還存在著使用成本高及操作過程復(fù)雜等缺陷。因此,通過優(yōu)化單光子光催化燃料電池的結(jié)構(gòu)體系及電極材料來減小其使用成本,簡化操作步驟,并且進(jìn)一步提升單光子型光催化燃料電池的污染物處理能力及電池放電性能,將對未來的環(huán)境治理及能源問題產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。論文基于原電池原理,設(shè)計了兩種結(jié)構(gòu)體系的單光子光催化燃料電池來研究有機污染物降解過程中釋放的化學(xué)能。論文首先以納米二氧化鈦薄膜電極為光陽極,Nafion質(zhì)子交換膜/Pt-碳黑催化劑層/空氣擴(kuò)散層的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)電極為陰極,并通過縮短陰陽極間距來優(yōu)化單光子PFC的結(jié)構(gòu)體系。以多種模型有機化合物和模型染料為有機源,考察了 Pt/C型單光子光催化燃料電池的放電性能。結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的Pt/C型單光子光催化燃料電池在簡化操作步驟,降低使用成本的前提下,電池放電性能也得到明顯提升,在以1mol L~(-1)甲醇為有機源時,電池的開路電壓1.02V,短路電流3.75mAcm~(-2),最大輸出功率密度1.40mWcm~(-2)。除此之外,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)初始有機物濃度、陰陽極間距、溶液pH、有機物種類均對PFC性能有重要影響。利用該電池體系進(jìn)行了甲基橙的循環(huán)光降解,實驗結(jié)果充分驗證了光催化燃料電池體系完全能夠同步實現(xiàn)難降解有機污染物的氧化分解與化學(xué)能的高效利用,并且有著優(yōu)異的穩(wěn)定性和重復(fù)使用性。為了優(yōu)化Pt/C型光催化燃料電池的結(jié)構(gòu),減小其使用成本,我們重新設(shè)計了 PFC電池的陰極結(jié)構(gòu),以MnO_2/金屬集流網(wǎng)/氣體擴(kuò)散層滾壓成型的空氣電極為光催化燃料電池的陰極,以甲醇為有機源考察了 Mn02型PFC體系的放電性能,及初始有機物濃度、電解質(zhì)濃度、溶液pH、有機物種類對PFC性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的MnO_2型PFC在減小使用成本的前提下,有效的提高了電池的放電性能,對比Pt/C型PFC,前者的開路電壓和短路電流是后者的1.12和1.19倍。此外,為了克服納米TiO_2薄膜電極自身存在的電荷復(fù)合嚴(yán)重、光吸收率低等不足,我們制備了高電導(dǎo)率的Ti02納米管陣列材料及具有可見光響應(yīng)的CdS/Ti02復(fù)合材料作為PFC光電極材料來研究電池光電性能。結(jié)果表明,改性了的光電極材料可以有效提高PFC電池的放電性能。
[Abstract]:With the growth of the population and the development of industry, a large number of domestic sewage and industrial waste water are placed into the water body. There are no lack of organic pollutants which are difficult to degrade, causing serious environmental pollution and ecological destruction. It poses a great threat to the survival and health of human beings. At the same time, the energy crisis is aggravated. Sewage treatment technology has been unable to meet the needs of modern pollution treatment, so it is imminent to develop more economical and effective environmental pollution control technology. As one of the most promising treatment technologies for advanced oxidation technology, semiconductor photocatalytic oxidation technology is green compared with the traditional pollutant treatment technology. It has the advantages of high efficiency, no two pollution and so on. It can completely oxidize organic pollutants at normal temperature. On the basis of semiconductor photocatalytic oxidation technology, photocatalytic fuel cell designed based on the principle of primary battery is a new water treatment technology developed in recent years. It can synchronize the oxidation decomposition and chemical energy resources of existing machine pollutants. It is considered to be one of the important development directions of future water treatment technology. One photon catalytic fuel cell with high open circuit voltage and discharge current has more practical significance in the future. However, the traditional Dan Guangzi Photocatalytic Fuel-cell (Single-Photon) fuel cell is still still in existence. Therefore, by optimizing the structure and electrode materials of the single photon photocatalytic fuel cell to reduce the cost of its use, simplify the operation steps, and further improve the capacity of the single photon photocatalytic fuel cell and the discharge performance of the battery, the future environmental treatment and energy will be improved. The source problem has a profound influence. Based on the principle of the original battery, the paper designs a single photon photocatalytic fuel cell of two structural systems to study the chemical energy released in the degradation process of organic pollutants. Firstly, the nano titanium dioxide film electrode is used as the photoanode, and the Nafion proton exchange membrane /Pt- carbon black catalyst layer / air diffusion layer is complex. The structural system of single photon PFC is optimized by combining the structure electrode and shortening the distance between the anode and the anode. The discharge performance of the Pt/C single photon photocatalytic fuel cell is investigated with a variety of model organic compounds and model dyes as organic sources. The results show that the simplified operation of the Pt/ C single photon photocatalytic fuel cell with structural optimization is simplified. On the premise of reducing the cost, the battery discharge performance is obviously improved. When 1mol L~ (-1) methanol is used as organic source, the open circuit voltage of the battery is 1.02V, the short-circuit current 3.75mAcm~ (-2) and the maximum output power density 1.40mWcm~ (-2). Besides, the initial organic matter concentration, the anode and anode space, the solution pH, and the organic matter are found. It has an important influence on the performance of PFC. The cyclic photodegradation of methyl orange is carried out by using the battery system. The experimental results fully verify that the photocatalytic fuel cell system can fully synchronize the oxidation decomposition of the refractory organic pollutants and the efficient use of chemical energy, and has excellent stability and reusability. In order to optimize the Pt/C type The structure of the photocatalytic fuel cell is reduced. The cathode structure of the PFC battery is redesigned. The cathode of the MnO_2/ metal collector / gas diffusion layer rolling air electrode is used as the cathode of the photocatalytic fuel cell. The discharge performance of the Mn02 type PFC system is investigated with methanol as the organic source, and the initial organic concentration and electrolyte are investigated. The effect of concentration, solution pH and organic substance on the performance of PFC shows that the MnO_2 type PFC which has been optimized by structure can effectively improve the discharge performance of the battery, compared with Pt/C PFC, the open circuit voltage and the short circuit current of the former are 1.12 and 1.19 times of the latter. In addition, in order to overcome the nanometer TiO_2 film electrode self. The charge compound of the body is serious and the light absorption rate is low. We have prepared the high conductivity Ti02 nanotube array material and the CdS/Ti02 composite with visible light response as the PFC photoelectrode material to study the photoelectric performance of the battery. The results show that the modified optoelectronic material can effectively improve the discharge performance of the PFC battery.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：O643.3;TM911.4

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