本文選題：水凈化 + 吸附�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著水資源短缺和水污染的問題日益嚴峻,能夠高效應(yīng)用于凈化及分離水中有機污染物的方法和材料越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。吸附和膜分離法因其耗能少、分離效率高等優(yōu)點在凈化水中有機污染物方面具有優(yōu)勢。因此研究開發(fā)高效的吸附劑和膜材料能夠有效地解決世界性水資源短缺的問題。本研究首先利用較為廉價的類多巴物質(zhì)沒食子酸(GA)與陽離子型聚電解質(zhì)聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)的共聚合反應(yīng),制備以磁性Fe3O4為載體,交聯(lián)的GA/PEI層為吸附層的Fe3O4@GA/PEI磁性吸附材料,并探究了其在去除水中有機污染物的應(yīng)用。通過透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)、傅里葉變換紅外光譜(FT-IR)、X射線光電子能譜(XPS)、Zeta電位儀、熱失重分析儀(TGA)等對所制備Fe3O4@GA/PEI的物理和化學結(jié)構(gòu)進行了系統(tǒng)全面的表征,并測試了其對不同染料的吸附能力。研究表明,當PEI與GA的質(zhì)量比為3:2,反應(yīng)時間為9 h時,所制備的Fe3O4@GA/PEI磁性吸附材料具備最優(yōu)的染料吸附的能力。其對陰離子型染料甲基藍和孟加拉玫瑰紅的吸附容量分別可達243.5 mg·g-1與190.2mg·g-1。但其對陽離子型染料的吸附效果較差,制約了其在染料廢水凈化中的應(yīng)用。受貝殼二維層狀堆疊結(jié)構(gòu)的啟發(fā),本研究利用PEI交聯(lián)氧化石墨烯(GO)納米片,并通過熱還原的方法制備了具有類貝殼二維堆疊結(jié)構(gòu)的高通量RGOPEI超薄復(fù)合納濾膜。通過掃描電子顯微鏡、水接觸角測試、傅里葉變換紅外光譜測試、X射線光電子能譜測試、Zeta電位儀等對制備的RGOPEI復(fù)合納濾膜進行了物理和化學結(jié)構(gòu)的表征。通過調(diào)節(jié)PEI的分子量、PEI濃度和GO濃度,考察了不同條件下GO和PEI共同組裝過程中的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能的變化,對新型納濾膜的分離性能進行了表征。測試表明,RGOPEI膜具有極高的水通量和較高的對有機分子的截留率。當PEI分子量為1800 g mol-1,GO濃度為2.5mg L-1,PEI濃度為0.2 g L-1時,所制備的RGOPEI膜純水通量高達95.8 L m-2h-1 bar-1,對陽離子型染料維多利亞藍B(VB)和陰離子型染料甲基藍(MB)的截留率均可達到99.9%以上,具備良好的去除水中染料分子的能力。同時,RGOPEI膜具備良好的水中穩(wěn)定性和耐酸堿能力,因而其可以在污染嚴重的水中連續(xù)長時間使用。
[Abstract]:With the problems of water shortage and water pollution becoming more and more serious, more and more attention has been paid to the methods and materials that can be used to purify and separate organic pollutants in water efficiently. Adsorption and membrane separation have advantages in purifying organic pollutants in water because of their advantages of low energy consumption and high separation efficiency. Therefore, the research and development of efficient adsorbents and membrane materials can effectively solve the problem of water shortage in the world. In this study, the polyelectrolyte polyimide (PEI) was prepared by the copolymerization of the cheap dopa-like substance, Gallic acid, and the cationic polyelectrolyte polyethyleneimide (PEI). The Fe3O4@GA/PEI magnetic adsorption materials were prepared with magnetic Fe3O4 as the carrier and the cross-linked GA/PEI layer as the adsorption layer. Its application in the removal of organic pollutants in water was also explored. The physical and chemical structures of Fe3O4@GA/PEI were systematically and comprehensively characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The adsorption ability of different dyes was tested. The results show that when the mass ratio of PEI to GA is 3: 2 and the reaction time is 9 h, the prepared Fe3O4@GA/PEI magnetic adsorption material has the best dye adsorption ability. The adsorption capacities for anionic dye methyl blue and Bengal rose red were 243.5 mg g ~ (-1) and 190.2mg g ~ (-1), respectively. However, the adsorption efficiency of cationic dyes is poor, which restricts their application in dye wastewater purification. Inspired by the structure of shell two-dimensional layered stacking, a high-throughput RGOPEI ultrathin composite nanofiltration membrane with shell-like two-dimensional stacking structure was prepared by using PEI crosslinked graphene oxide (GOO) nanoparticles and thermal reduction method. The physical and chemical structures of RGOPEI composite nanofiltration membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By adjusting the molecular weight and go concentration of PEI, the changes of structure and properties in the process of co-assembly of go and PEI under different conditions were investigated, and the separation performance of the novel nanofiltration membrane was characterized. The results show that RGOPEI membrane has very high water flux and high rejection rate to organic molecules. When the molecular weight of PEI was 1800 g mol ~ (-1) 2.5mg L ~ (-1), the pure water flux of the RGOPEI membrane was up to 95.8 L m-2h-1 bar-1, and the rejection rate for the cationic dye Victoria blue and anionic dye methyl blue was over 99.9%. Good ability to remove dye molecules from water. At the same time, the RGOPEI membrane has good water stability and acid-alkali resistance, so it can be used continuously in seriously polluted water for a long time.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703;TQ051.893

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