本文選題：納米 + 碳纖維　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：一直以來,人們都認(rèn)為氫氣是一種很重要的清潔能源載體。現(xiàn)在制備產(chǎn)氫最清潔的方法為電催化水裂解制氫,為了減少電解水反應(yīng)過程中的能源損耗,必須要有一個合適的電催化劑來克服這個反應(yīng)的能量勢壘。然而現(xiàn)在對于電解水產(chǎn)氫反應(yīng)最有活性的電催化劑是Pt基材料,雖然這些貴金屬催化劑產(chǎn)氫效率非常高效,但是由于它們高昂的價格限制了其大規(guī)模的廣泛應(yīng)用。因此,我們需要尋找一些清潔低廉、地球資源豐富、高活性并且穩(wěn)定性好的產(chǎn)氫催化劑來替代這些貴金屬材料。在合成或者催化的過程中,納米晶體聚集或者聚集成塊的趨勢經(jīng)常在一定程度上損害材料的總催化活性。因此,為了充分利用納米催化劑或者是最大化來暴露每個催化單元的活性位點,那么在合成或者催化的過程中要盡量避免納米催化單元任何可能聚集。另外,電導(dǎo)率也是影響材料總體活性的一個關(guān)鍵因素,因此在合成納米材料的同時還能提高催化劑的導(dǎo)電性能也是很重要的。因此,本文在這里提出了一種新奇的限制策略分別在多孔的碳納米纖維上制備出高度分散的CoS_2納米八面體和CoSe_2納米粒子,這種高度分散的結(jié)構(gòu)能有效的增加每個催化單元暴露的活性位點。首先我們通過靜電紡絲技術(shù)和高溫?zé)峤馓蓟瘍蓚�步驟得到包含鈷的多孔碳納米纖維網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),隨后通過真空原位硫化或者硒化得到我們想要的材料(CoS_2-CFN和CoSe_2-CFN)。CoS_2-CFN和CoSe_2-CFN作為一種非貴金屬材料在電解水催化產(chǎn)氫反應(yīng)中表現(xiàn)出高效且穩(wěn)定催化特性。即使當(dāng)它們的催化活性相CoS_2和CoSe_2的負(fù)載量僅為0.053 mg cm-2和0.28mg cm-2時,其值分別遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于先前報道的CoS_2和CoSe_2的材料負(fù)載量,CoS_2-CFN和CoSe_2-CFN仍有好的催化活性。這主要是因為它們本身固有的優(yōu)異催化性質(zhì)、高度分散的納米催化單元暴露更多的活性位點和多孔碳納米纖維提供了更好的導(dǎo)電性能。
[Abstract]:Hydrogen has long been regarded as an important carrier of clean energy. The cleanest way to produce hydrogen is to produce hydrogen by electrocatalytic water cracking. In order to reduce the energy loss in the process of electrolysis, it is necessary to have a suitable electrocatalyst to overcome the energy barrier of this reaction. However, the most active electrocatalysts for electrolytic aquatic hydrogen reactions are Pt-based materials. Although these noble metal catalysts are highly efficient in hydrogen production, their large scale applications are limited due to their high prices. Therefore, we need to find some clean, cheap, rich earth resources, high activity and good stability of hydrogen production catalysts to replace these precious metal materials. In the process of synthesis or catalysis, the tendency of nanocrystalline aggregation or agglomeration often impairs the total catalytic activity of materials to some extent. Therefore, in order to make full use of the nanometer catalyst or to maximize the exposure of the active sites of each catalytic unit, we should try to avoid any possible aggregation of the nano catalytic unit during the synthesis or catalytic process. In addition, the conductivity is also a key factor affecting the overall activity of the materials, so it is important to improve the conductivity of the catalysts while synthesizing nanomaterials. Therefore, in this paper, a novel limiting strategy is proposed to prepare highly dispersed CoS_2 nano-octahedron and CoSe_2 nanoparticles on porous carbon nanofibers, respectively. This highly dispersed structure can effectively increase the number of active sites exposed to each catalytic unit. First, we get the porous carbon nanofiber network structure containing cobalt by electrospinning technology and pyrolytic carbonization at high temperature. The desired materials, Cos _ 2-CFN, CoSe_2-CFN).CoS_2-CFN and CoSe_2-CFN, were obtained by in situ vulcanization or selenization in vacuum. As a non-precious metal material, Cos _ 2-CFN and CoSe_2-CFN exhibited high efficiency and stable catalytic properties in hydrogen production catalyzed by electrolytic water. Even when the loading amount of CoS_2 and CoSe_2 is only 0.053 mg cm-2 and 0.28mg cm-2, their values are much lower than those of CoS_2 and CoSe_2 reported previously. CoS2-CFN and CoSe_2-CFN still have good catalytic activity. This is mainly due to their inherent excellent catalytic properties, highly dispersed nano-catalytic units exposed to more active sites and porous carbon nanofibers to provide better electrical conductivity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O643.36;TQ116.2

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