發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-25 02:05

  本文選題：火災(zāi) + 玻璃��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：出于美觀、經(jīng)濟(jì)、透明性好等原因,玻璃在現(xiàn)代建筑中的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛,玻璃的種類也越來(lái)越多樣化。但是當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí),玻璃幕墻或玻璃窗結(jié)構(gòu)卻是建筑中最薄弱的環(huán)節(jié),很容易破裂脫落形成新的通風(fēng)口。而一旦形成新的通風(fēng)口勢(shì)必會(huì)加劇火勢(shì)蔓延,影響人員疏散,造成更大的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。為延長(zhǎng)玻璃在火災(zāi)中的防火時(shí)間,建筑中一般會(huì)配備相應(yīng)的噴淋或水幕設(shè)施,用于火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)降低玻璃溫度。 國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者已經(jīng)對(duì)普通玻璃、鋼化玻璃、防火玻璃等的水保護(hù)效果進(jìn)行了一定的研究,并得出了一些定性結(jié)論。本文在大量調(diào)研國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)水幕對(duì)玻璃破裂行為的影響進(jìn)行了大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和分析。 本文根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康暮头桨冈O(shè)計(jì)并加工了由供水系統(tǒng)、水幕噴淋系統(tǒng)、火源模擬系統(tǒng)、測(cè)量控制系統(tǒng)及水幕回收系統(tǒng)等組成的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。 本文實(shí)驗(yàn)部分對(duì)鋼化玻璃和非鋼化Low-E、浮法玻璃三種應(yīng)用最廣泛的玻璃進(jìn)行了研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)中將玻璃試樣加熱至不同溫度然后實(shí)驗(yàn)人員手動(dòng)開啟水幕,模擬研究水幕在火災(zāi)不同階段開啟時(shí)玻璃的破裂脫落行為。文中也對(duì)施加水幕和不施加水幕玻璃的破裂脫落行為進(jìn)行了比較分析。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)鋼化玻璃溫度較低時(shí)(火災(zāi)初期)開啟水幕會(huì)起到很好的降溫冷卻效果,但是當(dāng)玻璃溫度較高以后(火災(zāi)中后期)再開啟水幕會(huì)加速鋼化玻璃的破裂脫落。在本文實(shí)驗(yàn)工況下,水幕能對(duì)6mm鋼化玻璃起保護(hù)作用的臨界溫度為250℃,即超過該臨界溫度水幕將導(dǎo)致玻璃破裂,而在對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)中無(wú)水幕作用時(shí)6mm鋼化玻璃可承受400～500℃高溫仍不破裂。造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因是受熱玻璃與冷的水幕接觸時(shí)瞬間產(chǎn)生巨大的熱應(yīng)力導(dǎo)致玻璃破裂。水幕不僅會(huì)加速高溫玻璃的破裂過程,還會(huì)增加其脫落比例,因?yàn)樗慌c玻璃接觸時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖擊作用。 對(duì)非鋼化玻璃的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Low-E玻璃出現(xiàn)與鋼化玻璃類似的現(xiàn)象。本實(shí)驗(yàn)工況下無(wú)水幕作用時(shí)6mm Low-E玻璃的平均破裂溫度為93.6℃。而當(dāng)Low-E玻璃溫度超過70℃以后施加水幕則會(huì)加速其破裂脫落。對(duì)于浮法玻璃則沒有該現(xiàn)象,在浮法玻璃正常破裂溫度前施加水幕沒有導(dǎo)致其提前破裂。造成Low-E玻璃比同厚度的浮法玻璃更容易破裂的原因是由于Low-E玻璃一側(cè)表面鍍了一層低輻射膜,使得Low-E玻璃的傳熱系數(shù)U大大降低,這導(dǎo)致面對(duì)相同強(qiáng)度火源輻射時(shí)透過Low-E玻璃的熱量更少,因此Low-E玻璃更容易達(dá)到導(dǎo)致其破裂的臨界溫差,而火災(zāi)中溫差引起的熱應(yīng)力是玻璃破裂的主要原因。 本文進(jìn)一步對(duì)水幕吸熱量、水幕厚度、水幕流速、水幕利用率等參數(shù)進(jìn)行了定量計(jì)算,更加準(zhǔn)確的揭示了水幕對(duì)玻璃的保護(hù)作用。
[Abstract]:For reasons such as beautiful, economical and transparent, glass is more and more widely used in modern architecture, and the variety of glass is becoming more and more diverse. But when the fire occurs, glass curtain wall or glass window structure is the weakest link in the building. It is easy to break off and fall into a new vent. Once a new vent is formed, it is bound to come into being. To increase the spread of the fire, influence people to evacuate, causing greater loss of life and property. In order to extend the time of fire prevention in the fire, the building usually equipped with corresponding spray or water curtain facilities to reduce the temperature of glass when the fire occurs.
Scholars at home and abroad have studied the water protection effect of ordinary glass, toughened glass, fireproof glass and so on. Some qualitative conclusions have been obtained. On the basis of a large number of domestic and foreign literature, the effect of water curtain on the fracture behavior of glass has been studied and analyzed in a large amount.
According to the purpose and plan of the experiment, this paper designed and machined an experimental device composed of water supply system, water curtain spray system, fire source simulation system, measurement control system and water curtain recovery system.
In this paper, three kinds of glass, which are most widely used in tempered glass and non tempered Low-E and float glass, are studied in the experiment. In the experiment, the glass specimens were heated to different temperatures and the experimenters opened the water curtain manually. The behavior of glass breaking and breaking off when the curtain was opened at different stages of fire was simulated. The rupture and drop behavior of water curtain glass was compared and analyzed.
It is found that when the tempered glass is low (in the early fire) the opening of the water curtain will be a good cooling and cooling effect, but when the glass temperature is higher (in the later period of the fire), the opening of the water curtain will accelerate the rupture and fall off of the tempered glass. In this paper, the critical temperature of the water curtain to protect the 6mm tempered glass is 250 degrees centigrade. That is, over the critical temperature water curtain will cause glass rupture, and in the control experiment, the 6mm tempered glass can withstand a high temperature of 400~500 degrees centigrade without the action of a water curtain. The cause of this phenomenon is that the heated glass is in contact with the cold water curtain and produces a huge thermal stress at the moment that the glass breaks. The water curtain not only accelerates the high temperature glass. The breakage process will also increase its shedding ratio, because the water curtain will impact when it contacts with glass.
The study of non tempered glass shows that Low-E glass appears similar to that of tempered glass. The average rupture temperature of 6mm Low-E glass is 93.6 C when no water curtain action is used in this experiment, and when the temperature of Low-E glass exceeds 70 degrees, it will accelerate its rupture and fall off. For float glass, there is no such phenomenon in float glass. The application of the water curtain before the normal rupture temperature did not cause its premature rupture. The cause of the more prone to rupture of Low-E glass than that of the same thickness of float glass was due to a low radiation coating on the side surface of the Low-E glass, which greatly reduced the heat transfer coefficient U of the Low-E glass, which led to the heat of the Low-E glass through the radiation of the same intensity fire source. Therefore, Low-E glass is more likely to reach the critical temperature difference leading to its breakage, and the thermal stress caused by temperature difference in fire is the main reason for the rupture of glass.
In this paper, the parameters such as water curtain heat absorption, water curtain thickness, water curtain flow velocity and water curtain utilization ratio are quantitatively calculated, and the protective effect of water curtain on glass is revealed more accurately.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ171.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 張毅;王青松;黃新杰;王秋紅;孫金華;;火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景中玻璃破裂行為研究綜述[J];災(zāi)害學(xué);2010年S1期

2 邵荃;李芳;陳濤;孫占輝;;Heat resistance and water protection effectiveness for large single-pane fireproof glass[J];Journal of Central South University of Technology;2011年06期

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本文編號(hào)：1799254