本文選題：天然琥珀 + 寶石學和譜學　； 參考：《成都理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：琥珀是一種樹脂化石,由中生代白堊紀至新生代第三紀松柏科或豆科植物分泌的樹脂被埋入地下,歷經(jīng)長時間的地質作用石化而成的。近年琥珀受到消費者的歡迎,市場上出現(xiàn)大量的仿制品,給消費者以及鑒定工作者帶來不少困惑。本文結合前人的研究成果,以緬甸琥珀、撫順琥珀、波羅的海琥珀及琥珀仿制品為研究對象,采用常規(guī)寶石學測試、顯微巖相觀察、激光拉曼光譜測試、紅外光譜測試等方法,對其寶石學特征、譜學特征及化學成分進行研究;并結合三地琥珀的特征,探討產(chǎn)地的不同對琥珀特征的影響,讓人們進一步了解琥珀特性;通過對天然琥珀以及仿制品特征的對比研究,為天然琥珀與其仿制品的鑒定提供依據(jù)。觀察測試表明,天然琥珀以黃色為主,其中緬甸琥珀多見棕紅色,撫順琥珀多為紅色或橘色,波羅的海琥珀以明亮的黃色為主;琥珀原料為樹脂光澤,拋光后呈樹脂光澤至近玻璃光澤;透明度呈現(xiàn)過渡狀態(tài);折射率約為1.54;相對密度1.073g/cm3;摩氏硬度2~2.5,緬甸琥珀摩氏硬度略高可達到3;緬甸琥珀為強藍白色熒光,撫順琥珀多為淺藍白色、藍紫色熒光,波羅的海琥珀熒光反應弱;鏡下觀察,緬甸琥珀內(nèi)部黑色雜質較多,波羅的海琥珀內(nèi)部氣泡較多,撫順琥珀可見內(nèi)部大量黑色雜質,呈流紋狀分布。緬甸琥珀、撫順琥珀、波羅的海琥珀的紅外光譜大致相同,拉曼光譜峰值相差不大,都存在一定的特征。三產(chǎn)地的琥珀紅外光譜主要存在3個特征處:位于2930、2830cm-1處由C-H飽和鍵伸縮振動所致的雙吸收峰,位于1460、1383cm-1處由CH2-CH3彎曲振動所致的吸收峰,位于1157 cm-1處由C-O(羧酸脂)振動所致的吸收峰;拉曼光譜主要有三個特征峰區(qū)域:位于2923cm-1~2865cm-1區(qū)域出現(xiàn)因C-H鍵伸縮振動而出現(xiàn)的多個特征峰;位于1445cm-1附近因C-H鍵伸縮振動而出現(xiàn)的譜峰;1640cm-1附近因C=C鍵伸縮振動而出現(xiàn)的特征峰。結合天然琥珀的寶石學特征和譜學特征,對琥珀仿制品進行鑒別,主要結論如下:天然琥珀、優(yōu)化處理琥珀、再造琥珀、“二代”琥珀以及天然樹脂仿琥珀的常規(guī)寶石學性質基本相同。其他仿琥珀常規(guī)寶石學性質和天然琥珀具有明顯區(qū)別。天然琥珀、優(yōu)化處理琥珀以及再造琥珀具有相同的紅外吸收光譜。某些處理琥珀和天然琥珀具有不同的顯微結構�！岸辩甏嬖谂c天然琥珀相同的特征吸收峰,同時還存在其他物質的吸收峰;天然樹脂的吸收光譜在3080cm-1處、1000~800cm-1區(qū)間具有吸收峰,其他與天然琥珀的紅外吸收光譜相同。
[Abstract]:Amber is a kind of resin fossil, which was secreted from Mesozoic Cretaceous to Cenozoic Tertiary pine cypress or leguminous plants, and has been fossilized by geological processes for a long time. In recent years, amber has been welcomed by consumers, and a large number of imitation products have appeared in the market, which has brought a lot of confusion to consumers and appraisers. In this paper, the amber of Burma, Fushun Amber, Baltic Amber and Amber imitating products are used as the research objects. The methods of routine gemology test, microfacies observation, laser Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy are used. The Gemological characteristics, spectral characteristics and chemical constituents of amber were studied, and the influence of different producing areas on amber characteristics was discussed in order to make people understand amber characteristics further. The comparative study on the characteristics of natural amber and its imitation products provides a basis for the identification of natural amber and its imitation products. The observation and test showed that natural amber was mainly yellow, in which Burma amber was brownish red, Fushun amber was red or orange, Baltic amber was bright yellow, amber raw material was resin luster, Polished with resin gloss to near-glass gloss; transparency in transition state; refractive index about 1.54; relative density 1.073 g / cm ~ 3; Morse hardness 22.5, Myanmar Amber's hardness slightly high up to 3; Myanmar Amber is a strong blue-white fluorescence, Fushun Amber is mostly light blue and white, blue purple fluorescence is weak, Baltic Amber fluorescence reaction is weak, under the microscope, Myanmar Amber has more black impurities, Baltic Amber has more bubbles, Fushun Amber can see a large number of black impurities. It is distributed in the shape of flow pattern. The infrared spectra of amber, Fushun amber and Baltic amber are about the same. There are three main characteristics of the infrared spectrum of amber in the three producing areas: the double absorption peak caused by C-H saturated bond stretching vibration at 2930 ~ 2830 cm ~ (-1) and the absorption peak caused by CH2-CH3 bending vibration at 1460 ~ 1383 cm ~ (-1). At 1157 cm-1, the absorption peak is caused by C-O (carboxylate) vibration, and the Raman spectrum has three characteristic peaks: in the 2923cm-1~2865cm-1 region, there are many characteristic peaks due to C-H bond stretching vibration. The characteristic peak of C-H bond stretching vibration in the vicinity of 1445cm-1 is 1640cm ~ (-1). Combined with the gemological and spectral characteristics of natural amber, the main conclusions are as follows: natural Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber, Amber. The conventional gemstone properties of the second generation amber and natural resin imitating amber are basically the same. Other amber mimic conventional gemological properties and natural amber have obvious differences. Natural amber, optimized amber treatment and reconstituted amber have the same infrared absorption spectrum. Some treated amber and natural amber have different microstructure. The "second generation" amber has the same characteristic absorption peak as natural amber and the absorption peak of other substances, and the absorption spectrum of natural resin has the absorption peak in the range of 1000 ~ 800cm ~ (-1) at 3080cm-1, and the infrared absorption spectrum of other natural amber is the same as that of natural amber.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TS933.23;TQ164

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