本文選題：礦熱爐 + “冷凝”爐襯　； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：“冷凝”爐襯技術(shù)是延長(zhǎng)大型礦熱爐爐襯壽命的有效手段,該技術(shù)在我國(guó)鐵合金企業(yè)的應(yīng)用尚處于起步和探索階段。文章系統(tǒng)深入研究礦熱爐“冷凝”爐襯運(yùn)行技術(shù)特征和耐火材料的合理選擇。 計(jì)算了冶煉硅鈣合金礦熱爐“冷凝”爐襯的水冷出鐵口溫度場(chǎng),分析了相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)對(duì)水冷出鐵口壽命的影響。結(jié)果表明水冷出鐵口可應(yīng)用于冶煉硅鈣合金的礦熱爐,解決液態(tài)硅鈣合金對(duì)出鐵口沖刷導(dǎo)致出鐵口壽命低的問(wèn)題。適宜的水冷出鐵口冷卻水溫度不高于40℃,冷卻水流速不低于1.5m/s,銅冷卻器和高導(dǎo)熱炭磚之間導(dǎo)熱膠泥的熱導(dǎo)率不低于3W/(m·℃)。 開(kāi)發(fā)石蠟鋁復(fù)合材料(熱導(dǎo)率5.15W/(m·℃),熔點(diǎn)為56℃)在冷態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下模擬爐襯從被侵蝕至侵蝕邊界穩(wěn)定的過(guò)程,驗(yàn)證了爐襯侵蝕邊界一維模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果。在爐襯溫度場(chǎng)處于非穩(wěn)態(tài)時(shí),一維模型適用性較差。使用一維穩(wěn)態(tài)模型監(jiān)測(cè)爐襯侵蝕邊界,要求爐襯熱導(dǎo)率的大小在一定范圍內(nèi),該范圍根據(jù)爐襯散熱量確定。 編制了鎳鐵礦熱爐“冷凝”爐襯“邊界元-改進(jìn)單純形法”二維“反問(wèn)題”爐襯侵蝕邊界計(jì)算模型的MATLAB程序。求得侵蝕邊界之后,熱電偶處的計(jì)算溫度和實(shí)測(cè)溫度相差小于4℃。依據(jù)礦熱爐的工業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)并采用熱平衡理論對(duì)模型結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,計(jì)算結(jié)果同工業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)的相對(duì)誤差約為11%。分析了爐襯熱導(dǎo)率降低對(duì)侵蝕邊界計(jì)算結(jié)果的影響,爐襯熱導(dǎo)率下降23%,爐襯厚度對(duì)應(yīng)減薄4.56%。 對(duì)熱壓炭磚的一系列理化指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了分析測(cè)試,證明了國(guó)產(chǎn)熱壓炭磚(SLTA)可替代UCAR炭磚(NMA)作為冶煉錳系、鉻系合金礦熱爐“冷凝”爐襯的耐火材料。熱壓炭磚熱導(dǎo)率和孔徑尺寸分布有關(guān),增加在0.1D1μm區(qū)間孔徑尺寸的分布比例,降低1μm區(qū)間的比例可提高其熱導(dǎo)率。 根據(jù)鎳鐵生產(chǎn)工藝,從理論上證明了炭磚不適于作為冶煉低Si鎳鐵產(chǎn)品的爐襯耐火材料,由此解釋了國(guó)內(nèi)砌筑炭磚鎳鐵礦熱爐爐襯壽命低的原因。根據(jù)三元相圖計(jì)算液相下耐材在爐渣-耐材系統(tǒng)中所占比例,結(jié)果顯示高鋁磚所占比例大于50%,不適于作為鎳鐵礦熱爐“冷凝”爐襯的爐壁耐材。為此,對(duì)鎂鉻磚和鉻剛玉磚進(jìn)行抗渣性評(píng)定的“靜態(tài)坩堝法”實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,設(shè)計(jì)正交試驗(yàn)探討合理的鎳鐵爐渣成分,對(duì)影響侵蝕、滲透指標(biāo)的爐渣性質(zhì)因素排序,結(jié)果顯示：鎳鐵爐渣對(duì)鎂鉻磚和鉻剛玉磚的侵蝕和滲透與溫度成正比,鉻剛玉磚的抗侵蝕性能較好,鎂鉻磚的抗?jié)B透性能占優(yōu)。影響“爐襯侵蝕量”指標(biāo)的因素順序：耐材種類(lèi)FeO含量堿度和SiO2/MgO,影響“爐襯滲透量”指標(biāo)的因素順序?yàn)椋耗筒姆N類(lèi)FeO含量SiO2/MgO堿度。滲入鉻剛玉磚的氧化物為MgO和FeO,滲入鎂鉻磚主要以FeO為主。對(duì)耐火材料侵蝕滲透程度最小的鎳鐵爐渣成分建議：SiO2/MgO為1.7,FeO含量不大于15%,堿度為0.85。鉻剛玉磚常溫耐壓強(qiáng)度為190.34Mpa,滲入爐渣后降至66.44Mpa,高于鎂鉻磚的45Mpa,高溫下熱導(dǎo)率是鎂鉻磚1.8倍。綜上,鉻剛玉磚適宜作為礦熱爐“冷凝”爐襯的爐壁耐火材料。
[Abstract]:The technology of " condensing " furnace lining is an effective means to prolong the service life of large - scale submerged arc furnace lining . The application of this technology in China ' s iron alloy enterprises is still in its infancy and exploration stage .

The temperature field of the water - cooled tapping hole of the " condensing " lining of the smelting silicon - calcium alloy submerged arc furnace is calculated , and the influence of the relevant design parameters on the life of the water - cooled tapping hole is analyzed . The results show that the water - cooled tapping hole can be applied to the ore - smelting furnace for smelting the silicon - calcium alloy . The cooling water temperature of the water - cooled tapping hole is not higher than 40 DEG C , the flow rate of the cooling water is not lower than 1.5m / s , and the thermal conductivity of the heat - conducting paste between the copper cooler and the high - heat - conductive carbon brick is not less than 3 W / ( m & deg ; C ) .

The results of one - dimensional model of lining erosion boundary have been verified by developing paraffin - aluminum composites ( thermal conductivity 5.15W / ( m 路 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1784145