本文選題：離子型稀土尾礦　切入點：免燒陶粒　出處：《江西理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：離子型稀土礦是我國寶貴的礦產(chǎn)資源,但因其早期開采工藝較落后,導(dǎo)致大量尾礦的產(chǎn)生。這些尾礦在礦區(qū)內(nèi)或周邊堆存,不僅占用大片土地,造成了資源的浪費,而且容易引發(fā)水土流失,泥石流等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,對生態(tài)環(huán)境及安全構(gòu)成了巨大的威脅。因此如何將稀土尾礦無害化、減量化是當(dāng)前擺在我們面前的重要課題。為此,本文根據(jù)離子型稀土尾礦(以下簡稱“稀土尾礦”)黏土含量高的特點,采用其制備陶粒以實現(xiàn)該類尾礦的資源化,從而達(dá)到無害化與減量化的目的。首先對稀土尾礦的基本性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)稀土尾礦主要由石英、高嶺石等黏土礦物組成,完全符合對于制備多孔陶粒原料的要求。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,研究了燒結(jié)方法制備陶粒過程,結(jié)果表明采用爐內(nèi)自然冷卻能使陶粒具有更好的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu),且在一定范圍內(nèi),鋁硅比的提高能增大礦物的抗壓強度,隨著燒結(jié)溫度與燒結(jié)時間在一定范圍內(nèi)增大,陶粒的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)與抗壓強度等性能均能得到提升。并通過條件試驗確定了最佳的燒結(jié)條件,可以獲得吸水率為34.19%、顯氣孔率55.51%、抗壓強度3.62Mpa與體積密度為1.23g/cm3的燒結(jié)陶粒。其次,對免燒方法制備陶粒過程進(jìn)行了研究,比較了鈣質(zhì)激發(fā)與堿激發(fā)兩種免燒方法陶粒制備的效果,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)采用鈣質(zhì)激發(fā)方法制備的免燒陶粒具有更好的性能,更適合作為廢水處理使用的陶粒濾料。通過條件試驗確定了免燒陶粒的最佳制備工藝,可獲得吸水率為30.28%,顯氣孔率為49.96%,密度為1.65g/cm3,抗壓強度為3.17Mpa的免燒陶粒。對燒結(jié)方法與免燒方法制備陶粒的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了檢測,結(jié)構(gòu)表明,燒結(jié)陶粒的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)較為均勻、緊密,氣孔分布平均,呈三維貫穿,均勻的小氣孔構(gòu)成了疏松多孔的骨架支撐結(jié)構(gòu);免燒陶粒內(nèi)部孔隙非常發(fā)達(dá),主要為形狀不規(guī)則的連通大孔,且陶粒內(nèi)部凹凸不平,說明免燒陶粒內(nèi)孔隙豐富,比表面積大,兩種方法制備的陶粒均符合廢水處理陶粒濾料的特性。對燒結(jié)陶粒與免燒陶粒的性能進(jìn)行了檢測,結(jié)果表明,燒結(jié)方法與免燒方法所制備陶粒的強度、吸水率與顯氣孔率均能達(dá)到國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求,浸出毒性均也符合相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。兩種陶粒對氨氮廢水的處理均顯示出了一定的效果,在實際應(yīng)用中還需要對陶粒進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的改性來提高其廢水處理能力。從所制備陶粒產(chǎn)品各項檢測的性能來看,以稀土尾礦為原料,采用燒結(jié)方法或免燒方法制備陶粒濾料均是可行的。燒結(jié)陶粒制備陶粒各項性能略優(yōu)于免燒方法制備陶粒,但免燒陶粒生產(chǎn)成本較低,應(yīng)用范圍不收限制。
[Abstract]:Ionic rare earth ore is a precious mineral resource in China, but because of its backward mining technology in the early stage, a large number of tailings are produced. These tailings are stored in or around the mining area, which not only occupy a large area of land, but also cause a waste of resources. And it is easy to cause soil erosion, debris flow and other geological disasters, which pose a great threat to the ecological environment and safety. Therefore, how to make the rare earth tailings harmless and reduce is an important subject in front of us. According to the characteristics of high clay content in ionic rare earth tailings (hereinafter referred to as "rare earth tailings"), this paper uses it to prepare ceramsite in order to realize the resource utilization of this kind of tailings. The basic properties of rare earth tailings are analyzed, and it is found that rare earth tailings are mainly composed of clay minerals such as quartz and kaolinite. On the basis of this, the sintering process is studied. The results show that the natural cooling in furnace can make the ceramic have better pore structure and within a certain range. The increase of Al-Si ratio can increase the compressive strength of minerals. With the increase of sintering temperature and sintering time in a certain range, the pore structure and compressive strength of ceramsite can be improved. Sintered ceramsite with water absorption of 34.19, apparent porosity of 55.51, compressive strength of 3.62Mpa and volume density of 1.23g/cm3 were obtained. Secondly, the preparation process of ceramsite by non-sintering method was studied, and the effects of calcium excitation and alkali excitation on the preparation of ceramsite were compared. The results showed that the unsintered ceramsite prepared by calcareous excitation method had better performance and was more suitable for the treatment of waste water. The optimum preparation process of unsintered ceramsite was determined by condition test. The water absorption rate is 30.28%, the apparent porosity is 49.96%, the density is 1.65 g / cm ~ 3, and the compressive strength is 3.17Mpa. The microstructure of the ceramics prepared by sintering method and non-sintering method is tested. The structure shows that the internal structure of sintered ceramsite is uniform and compact. The average distribution of pores was three dimensional, and the uniform small pores formed the loose porous skeleton supporting structure, the internal pores of unburned ceramsite were very developed, mainly composed of irregular connected large pores, and the interior of ceramsite was uneven. The results show that there are abundant pores and large specific surface area in the unsintered ceramsite, and the two methods accord with the characteristics of waste water treatment of ceramic filter material. The properties of sinter and unsintered ceramsite are tested and the results show that, The strength, water absorption and apparent porosity of ceramsite prepared by sintering and non-sintering methods can meet the requirements of the national standard, and the leaching toxicity also meets the relevant standards. The two kinds of ceramsite have a certain effect on the treatment of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater. In the practical application, it is necessary to further modify the ceramsite to improve its wastewater treatment ability. From the performance of various tests of the prepared ceramsite products, rare earth tailings are used as raw materials. It is feasible to prepare ceramic filter material by sintering method or no sintering method. The properties of sinter ceramsite preparation are slightly better than that of no sintering method, but the production cost is lower and the scope of application is not limited.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD98;TQ174.71

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