本文選題：微生物燃料電池　切入點：產(chǎn)電性能　出處：《江蘇理工學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代重工業(yè)的發(fā)展,電鍍、金屬冶煉、石油工業(yè)、農(nóng)藥生產(chǎn)等行業(yè)均會產(chǎn)生大量含銅廢水,若不經(jīng)處理直接排放到環(huán)境中會產(chǎn)生巨大的危害。電化學(xué)法操作方便、不產(chǎn)生二次污染、高效快速,可直接回收金屬銅,但電解法能耗高,處理高濃度廢液時尚可產(chǎn)生較為可觀的經(jīng)濟效益,但是電流效率隨著濃度的降低而降低,這限制了電解法在低濃度廢水處理中的推廣應(yīng)用。微生物燃料電池(Microbial fuel cell,MFC)是利用微生物的新陳代謝作用將化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的裝置,用MFC產(chǎn)生的電流可以代替電解法處理含銅廢水技術(shù)中的傳統(tǒng)電源,解決了電解法處理含銅廢水能耗過高的問題。實驗構(gòu)建雙室MFC反應(yīng)器,以模擬有機廢水為陽極基質(zhì),以厭氧活性污泥為陽極菌種,以硫酸銅廢水為陰極液,考察電極、膜、負(fù)載和溫度等運行參數(shù)對MFC產(chǎn)電性能的影響。結(jié)果表明:活性炭/石墨棒為電極材料的MFC產(chǎn)電性能最高,功率密度最大6.9 m W·m-2。電極距離為2 cm時MFC功率密度最大48.4 m W·m-2,MFC的產(chǎn)電性能隨電極表面積的增大而增大。使用美國杜邦質(zhì)子交換膜的MFC產(chǎn)電性能最高,MFC產(chǎn)電性能隨膜的面積的增加而增大。MFC的外阻不斷增大,MFC的輸出電壓隨之提高,輸出電流則不斷減小。25℃時MFC產(chǎn)電性能最強,MFC的最大功率密度為4.8 m W·m-2。實驗考察了MFC陽極有機廢水處理及其產(chǎn)電性能,分別以1000 mg·L-1的蔗糖溶液、1000 mg·L-1的乙酸鈉溶液、1000 mg·L-1的六次甲基四胺溶液為陽極燃料,結(jié)果表明:乙酸鈉為陽極燃料時MFC產(chǎn)電性能最高,MFC產(chǎn)電性能隨陽極液濃度的增加而提高。添加磷酸鹽緩沖溶液大大提高MFC的產(chǎn)電能力,最大電流密度達到4.44 m A·m-2。MFC對陽極室廢水COD的去除率達到60~80%左右。使用顯微鏡、透射電鏡觀察陽極生物膜,發(fā)現(xiàn)陽極液中存在著菌膠團、原生動物、微型后生動物等。實驗考察了MFC對模擬含銅廢水的處理效果,構(gòu)建了雙室MFC,分別以5000 mg·L-1的Cu SO4溶液、5000 mg·L-1的Cu Cl液、5000 mg·L-1的 Cu(NO3)液為陰極液,結(jié)果表明:Cu SO4溶液為陰極液時MFC產(chǎn)電性能最高,MFC產(chǎn)電性能隨陰極液濃度的增加而提高。陰極室中Cu2+去除率可達80%~92%。陰極板上紅褐色沉積物經(jīng)XRD檢測,主要為單質(zhì)銅和Cu2O的混合物,Cu2+含量可達74%~85%左右。實驗構(gòu)建了5種構(gòu)型的MFC裝置——SMFC、H型MFC、矩形MFC、U型MFC、雙室無膜折流板式MFC,SMFC的產(chǎn)電性能最好,H型MFC的產(chǎn)電性能最低。5種構(gòu)型的MFC均可有效處理含銅廢水,但SMFC無法回收銅,利用掃描電鏡觀察沉積物表面形貌主要為花狀和樹枝狀,銅粉的平均粒徑為1000 nm~2000 nm左右。實驗分別構(gòu)建間歇流MFC與連續(xù)流MFC,連續(xù)流MFC產(chǎn)電性能略優(yōu)于間歇流MFC。實驗以銅渣浸出液為陰極液成功啟動MFC裝置,最大功率密度為1.33 m W·m-2,陰極液中Cu2+的去除率達到88.5%。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern heavy industry, electroplating, metal smelting, petroleum industry, pesticide production and other industries will produce a large amount of copper wastewater, if discharged directly into the environment without treatment, it will cause great harm. No secondary pollution, high efficiency, high speed, direct recovery of metal copper, but high energy consumption of electrolytic process, the treatment of high concentration waste liquid can produce considerable economic benefits, but the current efficiency decreases with the decrease of concentration. This limits the use of electrolysis in the treatment of low-concentration wastewater. Microbial fuel cells are devices that use microbial metabolism to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. The current generated by MFC can replace the traditional power supply in the treatment of copper containing wastewater by electrolysis, which solves the problem of excessive energy consumption in the treatment of copper containing wastewater by electrolysis. A two-chamber MFC reactor is constructed, and the simulated organic wastewater is used as the anode matrix. The effects of operating parameters such as electrode, membrane, load and temperature on the electrical properties of MFC were investigated by using anaerobic activated sludge as anodic bacteria and copper sulfate wastewater as cathode solution. The results showed that MFC with activated carbon / graphite rod as electrode material had the highest electrical performance. When the electrode distance is 2 cm, the maximum power density of MFC is 48.4 m W m ~ (-2). The electrical properties of MFC with Dupont proton exchange membrane increase with the increase of electrode surface area. With the increase of the area of the membrane, the output voltage of the MFC increases with the increase of the external resistance of the MFC. The maximum power density of MFC is 4.8 MW m ~ (-2) when the output current is decreasing continuously at .25 鈩，

本文編號：1666708