本文選題：糖化酶　切入點(diǎn)：二氧化碳水合物　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)酶制劑工業(yè)的快速蓬勃發(fā)展,糖化酶作為輕工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)原料生產(chǎn)過程中必不可少的生物催化劑,被廣泛地應(yīng)用于食品、醫(yī)藥、化工等行業(yè)。濃縮是糖化酶生產(chǎn)中的重要環(huán)節(jié),濃縮的效果直接影響到糖化酶制劑在市場(chǎng)上的品質(zhì)與價(jià)格,且對(duì)減少運(yùn)輸成本具有重要意義。目前,工廠中應(yīng)用較為廣泛的濃縮工藝是膜過濾濃縮和蒸發(fā)濃縮,但是它們都存在著經(jīng)濟(jì)性差等缺點(diǎn)。真空冷凍濃縮能夠很好地保持酶的品質(zhì),但由于成本較高,只適用于小批量酶制劑的濃縮,是實(shí)驗(yàn)室或者研究所常采用的方法,并不適用于工廠的產(chǎn)業(yè)化大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)。水合物法溶液濃縮技術(shù),因?yàn)槠渚哂蓄愃朴诶鋬鰸饪s的低溫條件,卻有較低的能耗,近年越來(lái)越受到研究人員的重視。本文利用二氧化碳水合物法來(lái)濃縮糖化酶溶液。通過在糖化酶溶液中生成二氧化碳水合物,研究了糖化酶初始濃度、溫度、氣體壓力對(duì)二氧化碳水合物相平衡的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)糖化酶的存在能夠使二氧化碳水合物的相平衡曲線左移,即相同溫度下糖化酶溶液比純水中生成水合物的壓力要高,并且糖化酶濃度越高所需的壓力也越高。考察了糖化酶溶液中二氧化碳水合物的生成行為,發(fā)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的反應(yīng)釜內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)能夠?yàn)榉磻?yīng)提供較多的凝結(jié)核,能夠縮短反應(yīng)所需的誘導(dǎo)時(shí)間。本文還探討了攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速為300、600和900 rpm時(shí),對(duì)糖化酶液脫水率的影響,結(jié)果表明,攪拌可以加快水合物的生成,轉(zhuǎn)速越高單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的脫水率越高。分別測(cè)定了在稀釋5倍酶液和10倍酶液中,不同反應(yīng)溫度下的脫水率,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在冰點(diǎn)溫度以上時(shí),反應(yīng)溫度越低即過冷度越大,越有利于水合物的快速大量生成。測(cè)定了初始?jí)毫?.6 MPa到4.2 MPa中間七個(gè)壓力點(diǎn)時(shí)的脫水率,在試驗(yàn)壓力范圍內(nèi)脫水率在整體上隨壓力的增加而增加。同時(shí),為了減小水合物晶體對(duì)糖化酶大分子的夾帶問題,應(yīng)該控制水合物的生成速度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of enzymatic preparation industry in China, Glucoamylase, as an essential biocatalyst in the production of light industrial basic raw materials, has been widely used in food, medicine, etc. Concentration is an important link in the production of Glucoamylase. The effect of concentration directly affects the quality and price of Glucoamylase in the market, and it is of great significance to reduce the transportation cost. The more widely used enrichment processes in factories are membrane filtration and evaporation enrichment, but they all have some disadvantages such as poor economy. Vacuum freeze concentration can keep the quality of enzyme well, but because of the high cost, Concentrate only for small quantities of enzyme preparations, is a method commonly used in laboratories or research institutes, and is not suitable for industrial large-scale production in factories. Hydrate solution concentration technology, because it has low temperature conditions similar to freezing concentration, In this paper, the method of carbon dioxide hydrate is used to concentrate Glucoamylase solution. The initial concentration and temperature of Glucoamylase are studied by the formation of CO2 hydrate in Glucoamylase solution. The effect of gas pressure on the phase equilibrium of carbon dioxide hydrate shows that the existence of Glucoamylase can make the phase equilibrium curve of CO2 hydrate move to the left, that is, the pressure of producing hydrate in Glucoamylase solution is higher than that in pure water at the same temperature. And the higher the concentration of Glucoamylase, the higher the pressure. The formation behavior of CO2 hydrate in Glucoamylase solution was investigated, and it was found that the complex internal structure of Glucoamylase could provide more condensation nuclei for the reaction. The effect of stirring speed at 300600 and 900 rpm on the dehydration rate of Glucoamylase solution was also discussed. The results showed that stirring could accelerate hydrate formation. The dehydration rate was measured at different reaction temperatures in diluted enzyme solution 5 times and 10 times enzyme solution respectively. The experimental results showed that the lower the reaction temperature was, the greater the degree of undercooling was when the temperature was above freezing point. The dehydration rate of seven pressure points between 2.6 MPa and 4.2 MPa was measured, and the dehydration rate increased with the increase of pressure in the range of test pressure. The rate of hydrate formation should be controlled in order to reduce the entrainment of Glucoamylase macromolecules in hydrate crystals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TQ116.3

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