本文選題：廢脫硫劑　切入點：陽離子交換　出處：《華北理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：H_2S氣體是危害極大的環(huán)境污染物之一,深度脫除H_2S經常采用氧化鋅基脫硫劑,納米氧化鋅吸收H_2S后轉變?yōu)閆nS而失去活性。氧化鋅基廢脫硫劑的再生已成為其再利用的瓶頸,造成資源的極度浪費和環(huán)境污染,因此對廢脫硫劑的轉化利用及再生研究具有重要的意義。采用陽離子交換法,在水溶液中,將廢脫硫劑(主要成份ZnS)與不同的可溶性銅鹽(氯化銅、硝酸銅、硫酸銅、醋酸銅)反應,使其轉化為納米硫化銅,分析了銅鹽的種類、反應時間、反應溫度等的影響,采用多種手段對納米硫化銅的結構和形貌進行表征。結果表明,銅鹽的種類對納米硫化銅形貌有重要影響;隨著反應溫度的升高,陽離子交換速率越快;反應時間越長,沉淀轉化越完全。將合成的納米硫化銅應用于超級電容器、鋰離子電池、光催化降解有機廢水,測試了其電化學和光催化性能。結果表明,將其作為超級電容器的電極材料,循環(huán)伏安法測得其比電容最大為889.88 F/g,但循環(huán)性能有待改善;采用硫酸銅為銅鹽,溫度為100℃條件下合成的納米硫化銅作為鋰離子電池材料性能較差,進行碳包覆后其首次放電比容量為698.8 mAh·g-1,循環(huán)40次后放電比容量仍能保持在382.8 m Ah·g-1;將硝酸銅制得產物包碳后的首圈比容量為676.4 mAh·g-1,100次后為677.5 mAh·g-1;在463 nm的氙燈照射下,硝酸銅為銅鹽,溫度為100℃條件下合成的納米硫化銅對甲基橙溶液的降解率為45.23%,說明所合成的納米硫化銅具有一定的光催化性能。以合成納米硫化銅得到的鋅鹽上清液為原料,以氨水為沉淀劑制備納米氧化鋅,研究了鋅鹽的濃度、洗滌劑的種類及pH值對納米氧化鋅粒徑的影響及再生后納米氧化鋅的脫硫性能。結果表明,鋅鹽的濃度對納米氧化鋅的粒徑影響不大,乙醇作為洗滌劑、pH值為8.2時有利于生成較小粒徑的納米氧化鋅;氯化銅為銅鹽,溫度為100℃條件下合成硫化銅的上清液再生得到的納米氧化鋅的脫硫性能優(yōu)于由硝酸鋅試劑制得納米氧化鋅,穿透硫容分別為32.57%和30.82%。
[Abstract]:H_2S gas is one of the great environmental pollutants, deep removal of H_2S often adopts Zinc Oxide based sorbents, Zinc Oxide H_2S nano absorption and converted into a ZnS lose activity. Zinc Oxide based desulfurizer regeneration waste has already become the bottleneck for reuse, and environmental pollution caused by extreme waste of resources, so it is of great significance to research on regeneration the transformation and utilization of waste desulfurizer. Using cation exchange method in aqueous solution, the waste desulfurizer (main components ZnS) and soluble copper salts (different copper chloride, copper nitrate, copper sulfate, copper acetate) reaction, the conversion of copper sulfide nanoparticles, analyzes the types of copper salt reaction time the effects of reaction temperature, the structure and morphology of copper sulfide nanoparticles were characterized by different methods. The results showed that the types of copper salts have an important effect on the morphology of nano copper sulfide; with the increase of the reaction temperature, cation Exchange rate is faster; the longer reaction time, precipitation transformation is more complete. The synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles should be used for supercapacitor, lithium ion battery, the photocatalytic degradation of organic wastewater, the electrochemical and photocatalytic properties were tested. The results show that as the electrode material for super capacitor, cyclic voltammetry test the maximum specific capacitance of 889.88 F/g, but the cycle performance needs to be improved; by using copper sulfate as copper salt, the temperature is 100 DEG C under the condition of the synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles as the poor performance of lithium ion battery materials, carbon coated after the initial discharge capacity was 698.8 mAh / g-1, after 40 cycles the discharge capacity is still can be maintained at 382.8 m Ah g-1; nitrate copper was the product of carbon coating after the first ring than the capacity of 676.4 mAh g-1100 after 677.5 mAh g-1; in the 463 nm xenon lamp irradiation for copper copper salt, the temperature is 100 DEG C under the condition of the synthesis of nano M copper sulfide degradation of methyl orange solution was 45.23%, that of copper sulfide nano particles synthesized with photocatalytic performance of the zinc salt. The supernatant was obtained by synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles as raw material, using ammonia as precipitator to prepare nano Zinc Oxide research, zinc salt concentration, type and pH value of the washing agent the influence of particle size of nano Zinc Oxide and regeneration after nano Zinc Oxide desulfurization performance. The results showed that the concentration of zinc salt on the nano particle size has little effect on Zinc Oxide, ethanol as detergent, pH value of 8.2 is favourable for the formation of smaller size of nano Zinc Oxide; copper chloride as the copper salt, the desulfurization performance is better than the supernatant temperature is 100 DEG C under the condition of synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles obtained by the regeneration of Zinc Oxide Zinc Oxide reagent to prepare nano zinc nitrate, sulfur capacity were 32.57% and 30.82%.

【學位授予單位】：華北理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X701;TQ132.41

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