本文選題：微/納米結(jié)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：聚吡咯　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：超級電容器作為一種新型儲能元件,因其高的功率密度、高的倍率性能以及長的使用壽命等特性,引起了國內(nèi)外的廣泛關(guān)注。電極材料是決定超級電容器性能的關(guān)鍵因素之一,超級電容器的電極材料可分為碳材料、過渡金屬氧化物材料以及導(dǎo)電高分子材料。其中,導(dǎo)電高分子聚吡咯(PPy)因具有合成簡單、環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性好以及電導(dǎo)率高等優(yōu)異的特性而引起了人們深入的研究。近年來,具有微/納米結(jié)構(gòu)的PPy材料因同時具有導(dǎo)電聚合物本身的性質(zhì)和微/納米尺寸特性而逐漸成為其發(fā)展的主導(dǎo)方向,但目前報(bào)道的微/納米結(jié)構(gòu)PPy以零維(0D)或一維(1D)結(jié)構(gòu)居多,二維(2D)的PPy微/納米結(jié)構(gòu)還較少見。在碳材料中,多孔炭材料因其高比表面積、優(yōu)異的物理化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性以及成本較低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而成為了超級電容器最常用的電極材料。多孔炭材料一般分為活性炭、炭氣凝膠、模板碳等,影響多孔炭材料電化學(xué)性能的主要因素有:比表面積、孔徑分布、孔徑長度、表面性質(zhì)、導(dǎo)電性以及微觀形貌等。目前,如何協(xié)調(diào)利用好上述影響因素制備出具有高電化學(xué)性能的多孔炭電極材料也成為了當(dāng)前超級電容器研究的一個重要內(nèi)容�；谝陨咸接�,本文主要控制合成2D微/納米結(jié)構(gòu)PPy以及控制多孔炭材料的微觀形貌、表面性質(zhì)和導(dǎo)電性能,來制備具有高電化學(xué)性能的多孔炭材料。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)通過采用軟模板法,使用陽離子表面活性劑十六烷基三甲基溴化銨(CTAB)與吡咯單體形成膠束,以丙酸(PA)為摻雜劑,過硫酸銨(APS)為氧化劑,制備出2D的微/納米結(jié)構(gòu)PPy。采用SEM、TEM、AFM、FT-TR、XRD、TG、DLS、CV及EIS等分析手段對其形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)以及電化學(xué)性能進(jìn)行了表征,并探討了CTAB濃度的變化對合成微/納米結(jié)構(gòu)PPy的形貌的影響。結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)CTAB、PA及吡咯的濃度分別為0.017 M、3.1 M和0.028 M時,制備出的PPy的形貌最規(guī)整,為由粒徑約為60 nm的PPy納米粒子緊密堆積而成的雙層菱形片狀結(jié)構(gòu);此菱形片狀結(jié)構(gòu)PPy為摻雜態(tài)非晶結(jié)構(gòu)PPy,具有優(yōu)良的熱穩(wěn)定性及電化學(xué)活性。(2)以花瓣球形聚苯胺(PANI)為前驅(qū)體,經(jīng)炭化和KOH活化制備出球形結(jié)構(gòu)的活性炭。采用SEM、TEM、Raman、XRD、低溫N2吸脫附以及XPS等分析手段對活性炭的形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)和元素組成進(jìn)行了表征,并探討了炭化溫度、活化溫度及KOH用量對活性炭電化學(xué)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明:炭化和活化溫度分別為750℃和850℃、KOH與炭化樣的質(zhì)量比為4時,獲得的活性炭為直徑約2μm的球形粒子,其比表面積高達(dá)2496.6 m2/g,并具有合適的多級孔結(jié)構(gòu)分布。當(dāng)電流密度為0.5 A/g時,合成的活性炭比電容值高達(dá)247 F/g;并且當(dāng)電流密度增大到20 A/g時,比電容量仍有182 F/g,表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)良的倍率性能;在電流密度為10 A/g的條件下,經(jīng)1000次恒電流充放電循環(huán)后,其比電容量保持率為102%。(3)通過直接炭化金屬-有機(jī)配位聚合物/多壁碳納米管(MOCP/MWCNT)復(fù)合物制備了高氮含量的氮摻雜多孔炭/MWCNT復(fù)合多孔炭材料,其中,MOCP是通過4,4'-聯(lián)吡啶(BPD)與Fe Cl3發(fā)生配位絡(luò)合反應(yīng)而形成的。采用SEM、TEM、XRD、Raman、低溫N2吸脫附以及XPS等分析手段對其形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)和元素組成進(jìn)行了表征,并探討了投料比及炭化溫度對氮摻雜多孔炭/MWCNT電化學(xué)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)質(zhì)量比MWCNT/BPD=1:15、摩爾比BPD/Fe Cl3=1:1、炭化溫度為650℃時,制得的氮摻雜多孔炭/MWCNT具有合適的三維多級孔結(jié)構(gòu),比表面積可達(dá)1023 m2/g,并具有高達(dá)10.71 at.%的氮含量。當(dāng)電流密度為0.5 A/g時,其比電容值達(dá)到295.2 F/g;當(dāng)電流密度增加為20 A/g時,其比電容值仍可保持為186 F/g,體現(xiàn)了優(yōu)異的倍率性能;在高電流密度為10 A/g的條件下進(jìn)行2000次循環(huán),其比電容值無衰減,體現(xiàn)了優(yōu)異的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitor is a new energy storage device, because of its high power density, high rate performance and long service life and other characteristics, has attracted wide attention both at home and abroad. The electrode material is one of the key factors influencing the performance of supercapacitor, electrode material for super capacitor can be divided into carbon materials, transition the metal oxide materials and conductive polymer materials. The conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) because of its simple synthesis, environmental stability and high electrical conductivity and excellent properties attracted further research. In recent years, with the micro / nano structure of PPy materials because of its properties of conductive polymer itself and micro / nano size and characteristics gradually become the dominant direction of its development, but the current coverage of the micro / nano structure of PPy (0D) with zero dimensional or one-dimensional (1D) structure are two-dimensional (2D) PPy micro / nano structure is also relatively rare. Carbon materials, porous carbon materials because of its advantages of high surface area, excellent physical and chemical stability and low cost has become the most commonly used electrode materials for supercapacitor. Porous carbon materials are generally divided into activated carbon, carbon aerogels, carbon template, main factors affecting the electrochemical performance of porous carbon materials are: the surface area, pore size distribution, pore length, surface properties, electrical conductivity and microstructure. At present, how to coordinate the use of the influence factors of preparation of porous carbon electrode material with high electrochemical performance has become an important part of the research of super capacitor. Based on the above discussion, this paper mainly control the synthesis of 2D the micro / nano structure PPy and porous carbon materials microstructure, surface properties and conductivity to porous carbon materials were prepared with high electrochemical performance. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the 鐢ㄨ蔣妯℃澘娉，

本文編號：1656507