本文選題：生物質(zhì)　切入點(diǎn)：二氧化硅　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)生物質(zhì)資源儲(chǔ)量豐富、分布廣泛。但是,大部分生物質(zhì)或常年堆積,占用大量良田,或就地焚燒,浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重且造成環(huán)境污染。本文對(duì)典型生物質(zhì)提取二氧化硅的反應(yīng)控制機(jī)理及其實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括:生物質(zhì)提取二氧化硅的可行性與經(jīng)濟(jì)性研究、獲取含高活性二氧化硅生物質(zhì)灰的生物質(zhì)燃燒前處理(干燥)及其顆粒燃燒反應(yīng)控制研究、生物質(zhì)作為電廠燃料燃燒后得到的活性灰制取水合二氧化硅的工藝參數(shù)影響及活性灰中二氧化硅提取的動(dòng)力學(xué)特性研究。本文主要工作包括以下幾個(gè)方面:利用改進(jìn)的Harrion方法,將四種生物質(zhì)(稻殼、玉米秸稈、稻秸和豆秸)完全氧化。采用傅里葉光譜分析、掃描電鏡和透射電鏡等方法分析四種生物質(zhì)中所含硅的形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)以及含量等參數(shù),得出結(jié)論:稻殼、稻秸、玉米秸稈都可以作為提取二氧化硅的原材料,而豆秸內(nèi)的二氧化硅含量較少,可以忽略不計(jì);其中稻殼是四種生物質(zhì)中提取二氧化硅(用來(lái)制取水合二氧化硅)最經(jīng)濟(jì)的原材料。對(duì)適于利用其灰提取二氧化硅的生物質(zhì)(以稻殼為例)進(jìn)行干燥實(shí)驗(yàn),研究干燥特征;從干燥過(guò)程中濕分?jǐn)U散的角度對(duì)傳質(zhì)規(guī)律進(jìn)行分析,建立干燥動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,利用擴(kuò)散方程根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)求出有效濕分?jǐn)U散系數(shù)等參數(shù),得到相應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。生物質(zhì)根據(jù)干燥特征及動(dòng)力學(xué)特性干燥后,將生物質(zhì)的燃燒分為三個(gè)主要階段:預(yù)熱(初始預(yù)熱階段和熱解前預(yù)熱階段)、熱解、炭轉(zhuǎn)化,建立生物質(zhì)顆粒燃燒反應(yīng)控制模型并進(jìn)行數(shù)值分析。控制燃燒反應(yīng)條件,利用模型預(yù)測(cè)得到稻殼燃燒轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)間與二氧化硅提取效率的關(guān)系曲線,與實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的稻殼燃燒轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)間與二氧化硅提取效率的關(guān)系曲線比較,驗(yàn)證模型的有效性。以生物質(zhì)電廠活性灰(含有活性二氧化硅的生物質(zhì)灰)為原料,采用堿煮沉淀法制取水合二氧化硅。分析提取二氧化硅過(guò)程中的各種影響因素,得出制取水合二氧化硅的優(yōu)化方案。檢測(cè)該方案得到的產(chǎn)品性能,結(jié)果顯示產(chǎn)品性能優(yōu)于國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)HG/T3061(2009)。采用二階速率法,對(duì)不同的因素在二氧化硅提取過(guò)程中提取作用的顯著性及提取動(dòng)力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行了研究。對(duì)生物質(zhì)前處理(干燥)的研究以及建立保證二氧化硅高活性的生物質(zhì)燃燒反應(yīng)控制模型,可以指導(dǎo)有利于生物質(zhì)中二氧化硅提取的燃燒設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)、制造及運(yùn)行。而堿煮沉淀法制取水合二氧化硅以及對(duì)生物質(zhì)活性灰中二氧化硅提取反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)的研究,指導(dǎo)了鶴崗萬(wàn)源生物質(zhì)電廠稻殼灰制取水合二氧化硅的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn),年處理稻殼灰1.2萬(wàn)噸,年產(chǎn)5000噸優(yōu)質(zhì)水合二氧化硅。
[Abstract]:The biomass resources in China are rich in reserves and widely distributed. However, most of the biomass is accumulated all year round, occupying a large amount of good farmland or burning on the spot. In this paper, the reaction control mechanism and experiments of extracting silica from typical biomass are studied. The main research contents include: feasibility and economy of extracting silica from biomass. Study on biomass combustion pre-treatment (drying) and particle combustion reaction control of biomass fume containing highly active silica, The effects of the process parameters on the production of hydrated silica from the activated ash from biomass as fuel combustion in power plant and the kinetic characteristics of the extraction of silica from the activated fume are studied in this paper. The main work of this paper includes the following aspects: the improved Harrion method is used to produce hydrated silica. Four kinds of biomass (rice husk, corn straw, rice straw and soybean straw) were completely oxidized. The morphology, structure and content of silicon in the four kinds of biomass were analyzed by Fourier spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion: Rice husk, rice straw and corn straw can all be used as raw materials to extract silica, but the content of silica in soybean straw is less and can be ignored. Rice husk is the most economical raw material for extracting silica from four kinds of biomass. From the point of view of wet diffusion during drying, the mass transfer law is analyzed, the drying dynamics model is established, and the effective moisture diffusion coefficient is obtained by using the diffusion equation according to the experimental data. The biomass combustion was divided into three main stages: preheating (initial preheating and preheating before pyrolysis, pyrolysis, carbon conversion). The control model of biomass particle combustion reaction was established and numerically analyzed. The relationship curve between the combustion conversion time of rice husk and the extraction efficiency of silica was obtained by controlling the combustion reaction conditions and using the model to predict the relationship between the combustion conversion time and the extraction efficiency of silica. Compared with the experimental curves between the combustion conversion time of rice husk and the extraction efficiency of silica, the validity of the model was verified. The active ash of biomass power plant (biomass fume containing active silica) was used as raw material. The hydrated silica was prepared by alkali boiling precipitation method. The factors affecting the extraction of silica were analyzed, and the optimized scheme for the preparation of hydrated silica was obtained. The performance of the product obtained from the scheme was tested. The results show that the performance of the product is superior to that of the national standard HG / T3061 / 2009.The second order rate method is used. The significance and extraction kinetics of different factors in the extraction of silica were studied. Study on Biomass Pretreatment (drying) and Establishment of Biomass Combustion with High activity of Sio _ 2. Burning reaction control model, It can be used to guide the design, manufacture and operation of combustion equipment for the extraction of silica from biomass, while the preparation of hydrated silica by alkali boiling and precipitation and the study on the kinetics of extraction reaction of silica from biomass active fume. The industrial production of producing hydrated silica from rice husk ash in Hegang Wanyuan Biomass Power Plant was guided. The annual treatment of rice husk ash was 12,000 tons and the annual output was 5 000 tons of high quality hydrated silica.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TQ127.2

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1614414