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  本文選題：乙酸甲酯　切入點：甲醇　出處：《北京化工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：乙酸甲酯-甲醇作為聚乙烯醇生產(chǎn)工業(yè)中的典型共沸物,如果使用普通的精餾方法存在能耗高、效果差的特點。目前工業(yè)上常用萃取精餾技術,其關鍵是萃取劑的選擇,而采用的有機溶劑又存在著高揮發(fā)、用量大等弊端,所以迫切需要尋找一種新型的能取代傳統(tǒng)有機溶劑的萃取劑。離子液體作為一種綠色溶劑具有不揮發(fā)、選擇性強等特點,具有顯著的鹽析或鹽溶效應、易于回收利用等等特點而得到廣泛關注。本文合成了三種離子液體,即[AMIM][DAP],A分別對應著CH3、 C2H5以及C4H9,名稱為1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑二烷基磷酸鹽。將這三種離子液體應用到乙酸甲酯與甲醇物系的分離中,測量了等壓條件下二元體系與三元體系的實驗數(shù)據(jù),考察了其分離乙酸甲酯與甲醇共沸體系的能力。實驗測定了等壓下的二元體系包括乙酸甲酯-甲醇、離子液體與單一組分(乙酸甲酯或甲醇)的汽液平衡數(shù)據(jù),可以得出,隨著離子液體占整個體系的比例增大,乙酸甲酯和甲醇兩組分各自的活度系數(shù)分別呈現(xiàn)不同的變化趨勢,前者不斷增大,而后者與之相反。乙酸甲酯活度系數(shù)的增加幅度與離子液體之間存在著[MMIM][DMP][EMIM][DEP][BMIM][DBP]的關系；甲醇活度系數(shù)的減小幅度與離子液體之間呈現(xiàn)出了與上述相反的關系。實驗測定了等壓下三元體系乙酸甲酯-甲醇-離子液體的數(shù)據(jù),可以得出,當實驗設定的摩爾濃度為0.05時,乙酸甲酯與甲醇的共沸點便己完全消失,此時在體系的整個濃度區(qū)間里乙酸甲酯的相對揮發(fā)度計算出來都是超過1的。離子液體分離乙酸甲酯與甲醇共沸體系的能力是：[MMIM][DMP] [EMIM][DEP] [BMIM][DBP]。二元和三元體系可以對比使用e-NRTL模型關聯(lián)得到的結(jié)果與實驗計算得到的結(jié)果求出相對偏差最大值,可得到結(jié)果分別為4.483%,4.801%。將關聯(lián)得到的結(jié)果與實驗直接計算得到的結(jié)果相對比,證明了e-NRTL熱力學模型可以獲得理想的結(jié)果。實驗結(jié)果證明,三種離子液體都能很好的應用到共沸物乙酸甲酯與甲醇的分離中去。
[Abstract]:Methyl acetate-methanol as a typical azeotrope in polyvinyl alcohol production industry, if ordinary distillation methods have the characteristics of high energy consumption and poor efficiency, the selection of extractant is the key to the extraction distillation technology commonly used in industry. However, the organic solvent used has many disadvantages, such as high volatilization and large amount of solvent, so it is urgent to find a new extractant that can replace the traditional organic solvent. As a green solvent, ionic liquid has the characteristics of non-volatilization, strong selectivity and so on. Three kinds of ionic liquids have been synthesized in this paper because of their remarkable salting-out or salinization effect, easy to recycle and so on. That is, [AMIM] [DAP] A corresponds to Ch _ 3, C _ 2H _ 5 and C _ 4H _ 9 under the name of 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazole dialkyl phosphate respectively. The three ionic liquids were applied to the separation of methyl acetate from methanol, The experimental data of binary system and ternary system under isobaric pressure were measured, and the ability of separating methyl acetate from methanol azeotropic system was investigated. From the vapor-liquid equilibrium data of ionic liquids and mono-component (methyl acetate or methanol), it can be concluded that the activity coefficients of methyl acetate and methanol show different trends with the increase of the proportion of ionic liquids to the whole system. The former is increasing, while the latter is opposite. There is a relationship between [MMIM] [DMP] [EMIM] [DEP] [BMIM] [DBP] between the increase of activity coefficient of methyl acetate and ionic liquids. The relationship between the decrease of methanol activity coefficient and the ionic liquid is opposite to that mentioned above. The data of methyl acetate-methanol-ionic liquid in the ternary system under isobaric pressure are measured experimentally, and the results can be obtained. When the molar concentration of methyl acetate and methanol was 0.05, the co-boiling point of methyl acetate and methanol disappeared completely. The relative volatilities of methyl acetate in the whole concentration range of the system are calculated to be more than 1. The ability of ionic liquid to separate methyl acetate from methanol azeotropic system is [MMIM] [DMP] [EMIM] [DEP] [BMIM] [DBP]. The maximum relative deviation is obtained from the correlation between e-NRTL model and experimental calculation. The results obtained are 4.483 and 4.801.Compared with the results obtained from the direct calculation of experiments, it is proved that the e-NRTL thermodynamic model can obtain ideal results. All three ionic liquids can be applied to the separation of azeotropic methyl acetate and methanol.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ028

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本文編號：1559776