本文關(guān)鍵詞： 聚酰亞胺薄膜 活性炭 孔結(jié)構(gòu) 聯(lián)合活化　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：活性炭通常是由富含碳的生物質(zhì)、煤炭、石油或煤化工產(chǎn)生的重質(zhì)組分為原料制備。但上述原料中含有大量的灰分,而醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、環(huán)境保護(hù)和新能源技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域要求多孔碳材料具有較低的灰分含量。耐高溫聚合物如聚酰亞胺(Polyimide, PI)由于殘?zhí)扛摺⒁谆罨炜?并且在加工過程中沒有任何無機(jī)添加劑,是優(yōu)質(zhì)的制備活性炭前體材料,非常適合制備高品質(zhì)的無灰級(jí)活性炭材料。本論文以PI聚合物薄膜為前體,采用物理活化技術(shù),成功地開發(fā)出超純低灰活性炭的制備技術(shù)。全文首先考察了采用PI為原料制備活性炭可行性；氣體活化工藝條件參數(shù),包括活化溫度、活化時(shí)間、和氣體用量對(duì)活性炭性能的影響,確定了制備活性炭的確切工藝參數(shù)；其次,采用聯(lián)合活化制備活性炭,考察了聯(lián)合活化過程中活化工藝參數(shù)對(duì)制備活性炭吸附性能的影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)確定了聯(lián)合活化最佳工藝條件。最后,采用氮吸附、X射線衍射(XRD)、高分辨率透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)和紅外光譜(FT-IR)對(duì)活性炭孔結(jié)構(gòu)、表觀形貌、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和表面化學(xué)性能進(jìn)行分析；此外,采用動(dòng)態(tài)吸附法對(duì)比考察了實(shí)驗(yàn)室活性炭和商業(yè)活性炭纖維對(duì)乙醇和乙醚混合蒸汽的吸附性能。結(jié)果表明：1.采用水蒸汽制備活性炭的最佳反應(yīng)溫度和時(shí)間分別為880℃和30 min；采用二氧化碳制備活性炭的最佳反應(yīng)溫度為900℃、最佳反應(yīng)時(shí)間3h和最適宜流量200 ml/min。聯(lián)合活化最佳工藝條件為水蒸汽活化溫度850℃、活化時(shí)間15 min、水炭比為4；CO2活化溫度880℃、活化時(shí)間4h、氣體流量200 ml/min。2.采用氣體聯(lián)合活化制備活性炭的吸附性能顯著增強(qiáng)。在該活化方式下制備的活性炭具有無定形亂層石墨結(jié)構(gòu),其BET比表面積可達(dá)到2186 m2/g,總孔容積1.068 cm3/g,孔徑集中在0～3 nm。3.本實(shí)驗(yàn)室所制備的活性炭具有更大的有效孔容積,對(duì)乙醇與乙醚混合氣有優(yōu)異的吸附性能,其飽和吸附量分別為294 mg/g和320 mg/g；穿透吸附量分別為179 mg/g和192 mg/g;穿透時(shí)間也更長,達(dá)到了111min,是商業(yè)活性炭纖維的5倍以上。
[Abstract]:Activated carbon is usually made from carbon-rich biomass, coal, petroleum or coal chemicals as raw materials. But these raw materials contain a lot of ash, and medicine and health, Environmental protection and new energy technologies require that porous carbon materials have low ash content. High temperature resistant polymers such as polyimide polyimide (Pi) have high carbon residue, are easy to activate and make pores, and there are no inorganic additives in the processing process. In this paper, Pi polymer film was used as precursor, and physical activation technology was used. The preparation technology of ultra-pure low-ash activated carbon was successfully developed. Firstly, the feasibility of preparing activated carbon using Pi as raw material was investigated. And the effect of the amount of gas on the performance of activated carbon was determined. Secondly, the activated carbon was prepared by combined activation, and the influence of activation parameters on the adsorption properties of activated carbon was investigated. Finally, the pore structure, apparent morphology, microstructure and surface chemical properties of activated carbon were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption X ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, The adsorption properties of commercial activated carbon fiber and laboratory activated carbon fiber on ethanol and ether mixed steam were investigated by dynamic adsorption method. The results showed that the optimum reaction temperature and time for the preparation of activated carbon by water vapor were as follows: 1. The optimum reaction temperature for the preparation of activated carbon from carbon dioxide is 900 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1497511