本文關(guān)鍵詞： 自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物 膜分離 重金屬廢水 高濁度廢水　出處：《廣西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地質(zhì)聚合物((Geopolymer)是一種采用天然礦物(高嶺土)或固體廢棄物(粉煤灰、礦渣等)及人工合成硅鋁化合物為原料,在堿激發(fā)條件下經(jīng)縮聚反應(yīng)聚合成由[SiO4]和[A1O4]組成的一類三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)凝膠材料。地質(zhì)聚合物具有早強、耐酸堿腐蝕、耐高溫品質(zhì)佳、凝結(jié)時間可控等優(yōu)良工作性能,獨特的三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)對有毒、有害重金屬離子的固定能力極強、溶出率低,對重金屬廢水和生活污水具有顯著的分離效果。本課題組制備的自支撐偏高嶺土基地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜較傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)膜而言具有顯著的經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢,成本低廉、原料廣泛、制備工藝簡單、幾乎無“三廢”問題。本論文詳細考察了影響偏高嶺土基自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜微觀形貌、孔徑和比表面積的主要因素,借助X射線衍射(XRD)、掃描電鏡(SEM)、TG-DSC、BET、抗壓強度和水通量等測試手段研究自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜的結(jié)構(gòu)和力學(xué)性能,最終確定自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜適用于污水中重金屬離子和顆粒物分離的最佳工藝參數(shù),并通過模擬重金屬廢水和生活廢水研究自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜的分離能力。(1)根據(jù)制備自支撐偏高嶺土基地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜的原料組成及配比,研究了養(yǎng)護溫度、n(H2O)/n(Na2O)對自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜微觀孔結(jié)構(gòu)及力學(xué)性能的影響。確定用于膜法水處理的自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜最佳制備工藝參數(shù)為：水玻璃模數(shù)n(SiO2)/n(Na2O)=1.3,n(Na2O)/n(Al2O3)=0.8,n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=2.96,n(H2O)/n(Na2O)=19,養(yǎng)護溫度60℃,養(yǎng)護時間24 h。由此得到的自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜各性能參數(shù)為：水通量99.04 kg·m-2·h-1,抗壓強度18.67MPa,比表面積37.87 m2.g-1,吸附量35.52 cm3·g-1平均孔徑276.11 nm,平均孔隙率62.64%。(2) 自支撐偏高嶺土基地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜處理重金屬廢水的研究結(jié)果表明：自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜中過量的堿度對酸性溶液有較強的緩沖能力,無機膜在溶液pH≥4的工作條件下適宜對重金屬離子進行吸附、截留,且去除率隨溶液pH升高而增大,自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜對濃度低于500mg·L-1, pH=5的Ni2+去除率高達90.82%。增大無機膜厚度,降低吸附溫度和溶液濃度均有利于Ni2+去除率的提高。在二元和三元體系中,Pb2+和Cu2+均強烈抑制自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜對Ni2+的吸附,競爭吸附能力大小順序為Pb2+Cu2+Ni2+。本文研究了自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜對重金屬廢水的吸附、凈化作用機理,即中和微沉淀、絮凝截留作用,離子交換作用和多孔結(jié)構(gòu)物理吸附作用。(3) 自支撐偏高嶺土基地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜處理高濁度廢水的研究結(jié)果表明：以濁度、SS、糞大腸菌群作為水質(zhì)評價指標(biāo)時,其各項去除率均達93%以上,高濁度污水經(jīng)過濾后濁度可降低至0.19 NTU；然而在對氨氮、CODcr、BODs三項水質(zhì)指標(biāo)進行對比時發(fā)現(xiàn)其去除率均低于70%,自支撐地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜水通量衰減約為初始水通量的22%。結(jié)果說明自支撐偏高嶺土基地質(zhì)聚合物無機膜對細菌、懸浮顆粒物及大分子有機物等具有較強的分離能力,而對親水性有機物和亞硝酸鹽、硫化物、亞鐵鹽等無機小分子還原性物質(zhì)分離效果欠佳,在后期的工作中需輔助性引入傳統(tǒng)生物-化學(xué)法以提高出水水質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:Geopolymer ((Geopolymer) is a kind of natural mineral (kaolin) or solid waste (fly ash, slag) and synthetic silicon aluminum compounds as raw materials in alkali activated condition by polycondensation polymerization into a three-dimensional network of gel materials composed of [SiO4] and [A1O4]. Geological polymer has the early strength, acid resistance alkali corrosion, high temperature resistance and good quality, excellent performance of controllable setting time, three-dimensional network structure unique to the toxic and harmful heavy metal ions fixing ability is extremely strong, the dissolution rate is low, has a significant effect on the separation of heavy metal wastewater and sewage. The preparation of self-supporting metakaolin basedgeopolymer compared with the traditional commercial membrane inorganic membrane has significant economic advantages, low cost, wide raw materials, simple preparation process, almost no "three wastes". This paper investigates the influence of metakaolin based self The micro morphology of supporting geological polymer inorganic membrane, pore size and specific surface area of the main factors, by means of X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TG-DSC, BET, means the compressive strength and water flux test study on structure and mechanical self supporting geological polymer inorganic membrane can ultimately determine the self supporting inorganic geopolymer film for optimum parameters in wastewater separation of heavy metal ions and particles, and through the simulation of heavy metal wastewater and domestic wastewater of self supporting geological polymer inorganic membrane separation ability. (1) according to the preparation of self-supporting metakaolin basedgeopolymer inorganic membrane material composition and ratio, curing temperature of n (H2O /n) (Na2O) influence on the micro self supporting geological polymer inorganic membrane pore structure and mechanical properties. For membrane water treatment self supporting geological polymer inorganic membrane preparation process parameters for the best: Modulus of water glass n (SiO2) /n (Na2O) =1.3, n (Na2O) /n (Al2O3) =0.8, n (SiO2) /n (Al2O3) =2.96, n (H2O) /n (Na2O) =19, the curing temperature of 60 DEG C, since the performance parameters of supporting geo polymer inorganic membrane for the maintenance of 24 h. time: the water flux of 99.04 kg - m-2 - H-1, 18.67MPa compressive strength, specific surface area of 37.87 m2.g-1, 35.52 cm3 / g-1 adsorption average pore diameter is 276.11 nm, the average porosity of 62.64%. (2) shows that the self support of metakaolin basedgeopolymer inorganic membrane for treatment of heavy metal wastewater results from excessive alkalinity support geological polymer inorganic membrane in the strong buffer capacity to acid solution, inorganic membrane in solution pH is more than 4 working conditions suitable for heavy metal ion adsorption, retention, and removal rate of pH increased with solution, self support geological polymer inorganic membrane concentration lower than the 500mg of L-1 pH=5, the Ni2+ removal rate of up to 90.82%. Increase of inorganic membrane thickness, reduce the adsorption temperature and solution concentration are favorable to the removal rate of Ni2+ increased. In two yuan and three yuan in the system, Pb2+ and Cu2+ were strongly inhibited the self supporting geological polymer inorganic membrane for Ni2+ adsorption, competitive adsorption ability of the order of Pb2+Cu2+Ni2+. this paper studied self supporting geological polymer inorganic membrane for heavy metal water adsorption, purification mechanism, namely micro neutralization precipitation, flocculation interception, ion exchange and physical adsorption. The porous structure (3) shows that the self support metakaolin basedgeopolymer inorganic membrane treatment of high turbidity wastewater results: turbidity, SS, fecal coliform bacteria as the water quality evaluation index, the the removal rate is above 93%, high turbidity sewage after filtration turbidity can be reduced to 0.19 NTU; however, in the CODcr, ammonia nitrogen, three water quality indexes of BODs were compared when the removal rate of Are less than 70%, since the support of geological polymer inorganic membrane flux attenuation is about the initial water flux of 22%. showed that the bacteria from the support of metakaolin basedgeopolymer inorganic membrane, suspended particles and organic molecules with strong ability of separation, and the hydrophilic organic matter and nitrite, sulfide, ferrous salt and other inorganic small molecule substance reducing separation effect is poor, in the latter part of the work required to introduce traditional bio chemical method to improve water quality.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ051.893;X703

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