發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-01 05:31

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 工業(yè)副產(chǎn)石膏 綜合利用 緩凝 防水　出處：《安徽建筑大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：石膏制品的開發(fā)與使用,廣泛的利用了化工企業(yè)或火力發(fā)電廠的工業(yè)廢棄物——石膏,既節(jié)約了天然資源、減少了工業(yè)副產(chǎn)石膏的二次污染,又有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。因此,研究開發(fā)防水性能高的石膏制品,無論是從資源開發(fā)、節(jié)能環(huán)保、固體廢棄物的綜合利用等方面,還是從發(fā)展新型建材等方面,都具有重要的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。雖然石膏制品具有質(zhì)量輕,“會(huì)呼吸的墻”等優(yōu)異性能,但其自身也存在著很多缺點(diǎn),如強(qiáng)度低,防水、防潮性能差,因而極大地阻礙了它的發(fā)展和使用。為此,本文從淮南火力發(fā)電廠固體廢棄物——脫硫石膏出發(fā),分析了其礦物組成及結(jié)構(gòu);優(yōu)選了合適的建筑石膏緩凝劑,并分析了其緩凝機(jī)理;通過一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn),配制出符合要求的有機(jī)硅防水劑,并對其防水機(jī)理進(jìn)行了分析;最后,通過有機(jī)硅防水劑與無機(jī)耐水材料復(fù)合使用,進(jìn)一步改善砌塊的防水性能。通過以上工作,為研發(fā)出強(qiáng)度高,軟化系數(shù)高,防水性能好的石膏砌塊提供思路。首先,通過熱重分析研究了脫硫石膏的礦物組成及結(jié)構(gòu),并通過X熒光光譜分析研究了其化學(xué)組成及含量,研究結(jié)果表明:β-半水石膏含量在71.4%以上,相關(guān)使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其次,分析了麥蛋白水解液石膏緩凝劑、檸檬酸、六偏磷酸鈉等幾種不同的建筑石膏用緩凝劑對脫硫石膏的凝結(jié)時(shí)間、強(qiáng)度損失等的影響,同時(shí)也對不同pH值條件下的緩凝作用的凝結(jié)硬化的特征、強(qiáng)度損失的原因等進(jìn)行了分析,并針對麥蛋白水解液這種新型石膏緩凝劑,進(jìn)行了緩凝機(jī)理的分析。結(jié)果表明:麥蛋白水解液石膏緩凝劑的緩凝效果更好,且對二水石膏晶體形貌影響也相對較小,這是對石膏的強(qiáng)度損失影響低的根本原因。再次,為改善石膏制品的防水性能,本次研究中合成了兩種建筑石膏用有機(jī)硅防水劑:一是以氨基官能團(tuán)硅烷為偶聯(lián)劑,添加乳化劑等,制備出性能優(yōu)良的新型建筑石膏用防水劑,改善傳統(tǒng)的甲基硅醇鹽類有機(jī)硅防水劑防水效果不理想,在石膏制品生產(chǎn)過程中易隨水分流失的缺點(diǎn)。研究結(jié)果表明:該新型建筑石膏用防水劑中有機(jī)硅單體分子之間在基材表面形成硅樹脂網(wǎng)絡(luò),而以羥基羧酸鹽為乳化劑引入了RCOO—,并與Al3+、Ca2+形成配合物網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),在基材表面另形成一層膜,增強(qiáng)與基材表面的結(jié)合能力,進(jìn)一步提高了石膏的耐水能力;該新型建筑石膏用防水劑對石膏的強(qiáng)度不會(huì)產(chǎn)生明顯的不利影響,適用于石膏當(dāng)中;在石膏的軟化系數(shù)的改善方面,較常用的有機(jī)硅建筑防水劑(甲基硅醇鈉)有了明顯的提高,吸水率也有了明顯的降低。二是采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯等原料,以乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷為偶聯(lián)劑,加入甲基硅醇鹽,進(jìn)過充分乳化、聚合等工藝制備出的另一種新型建筑石膏用防水劑。該防水劑具有摻入量低、對石膏強(qiáng)度影響小,并顯著改善石膏的防水性能的,改善傳統(tǒng)的甲基硅醇鹽類有機(jī)硅防水劑在石膏制品的生產(chǎn)過程中極易隨著水分流失的缺點(diǎn)。最后,通過選擇合適的無機(jī)耐水材料,并與有機(jī)硅防水劑復(fù)合使用,進(jìn)一步改善砌塊的防水性能,為開發(fā)出強(qiáng)度高,軟化系數(shù)高,防水性能好的石膏砌塊提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The development and use of gypsum products, widely used in thermal power plant chemical enterprises or industrial waste gypsum, which saves natural resources, reduce pollution two industrial by-product gypsum, but also conducive to the sustainable development of economy. Therefore, the research and development of waterproof gypsum products can be high, either from the resources the development, energy saving and environmental protection, solid waste comprehensive utilization etc, or from the development of new building materials, has important social and economic benefits. Although the gypsum has the light quality, "breathing wall" and other excellent performance, but it also has some disadvantages, such as low strength, waterproof, moisture-proof performance poor, which greatly hindered the development and use of it. Therefore, this article from the Huainan thermal power plant, solid waste gypsum based analysis of the mineral composition and structure optimization of suitable building stone; Gypsum retarder, and analyzes its retarding mechanism; through a series of experiments made with silicone waterproofing agent requirements, and the waterproof mechanism was analyzed; finally, the organosilicon waterproofing agent and inorganic composite waterproof material, waterproof performance further improved blocks. Through the above work, to develop strength high, high softening coefficient, good waterproof performance of gypsum block to provide ideas. First, through the thermogravimetric analysis of mineral composition and structure of the desulfurization gypsum, and studied its chemical composition and content by X fluorescence spectrometry analysis, the research results show that beta hemihydrate gypsum content is above 71.4%, uses the standard. Secondly, the analysis of wheat protein hydrolysate gypsum retarder, citric acid, six sodium phosphate gypsum several different corrosion agent on the setting time of gypsum, affecting the strength loss, but also on the different pH The eigenvalue hardening retarding effect under the condition of the strength loss reasons were analyzed, and the wheat protein hydrolysate retarder of this new type of gypsum, analyzed the retarding mechanism. The results showed that wheat protein hydrolysate gypsum Retarder's effect is better, and the impact on the two water gypsum the crystal morphology is relatively small, this is the root cause of the low impact strength loss of gypsum. Thirdly, to improve the performance of waterproof gypsum products, in this study the synthesis of organosilicon waterproofing agent for building gypsum two kinds: one is to aminofunctional silane as coupling agent, emulsifier, water proofing agent system model the excellent performance of the building gypsum was to improve the traditional methyl silanolate salts of organosilicon waterproofing agent waterproof effect is not ideal, in the production process of gypsum products with moisture loss shortcomings. The results show that the new building gypsum The formation of silicon resin network on the surface of the substrate between the organosilicon waterproofing agent in the monomer molecule, with hydroxy carboxylic acid salt as emulsifier into RCOO, Al3+ and Ca2+, forming a complex network structure, the other is formed on the substrate surface of a membrane, and enhance the binding ability of the substrate surface, improve the gypsum resistance further the new building waterproofing agent; gypsum has the obvious adverse effect on the strength of not plaster, plaster applied to them; in terms of the softening coefficient of gypsum improved silicone building waterproof agent commonly used (sodium methyl silanolate) has been significantly improved, water absorption rate has been significantly reduced. The two is the use of methyl methacrylate as raw materials, using vinyl triethoxysilane as coupling agent, adding methyl silicone, into fully prepared emulsion polymerization process, another new building gypsum with the waterproof agent with waterproof agent. A mixing amount is low, little influence on the strength of gypsum, and significantly improve the waterproof performance of gypsum, improve the production process of methyl silicone alcohol salts of organosilicon waterproofing agent in traditional gypsum products easily with water loss shortcomings. Finally, by choosing suitable inorganic waterproof material, and compound silicone waterproof agent to further improve the waterproof performance of the block, for the development of high strength, high softening coefficient, and provide a theoretical basis for the gypsum block good waterproof performance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ177.3

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本文編號：1481059