火災場景下細水霧幕保護窗玻璃的實驗研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 細水霧幕 玻璃保護 工作壓力 細水霧幕厚度 啟動時間 水膜 出處:《中國科學技術(shù)大學》2017年碩士論文 論文類型:學位論文
【摘要】:窗玻璃在火災條件下極易受到過量熱流的影響而發(fā)生破裂和脫落,形成新的開口,強化火災區(qū)域通風,造成火勢急劇增長,甚至溢出并跨區(qū)域蔓延,影響人員逃生。因此,研究防止玻璃在火災條件下受過量熱流影響而破裂脫落的技術(shù)是建筑火災防控的重要內(nèi)容之一。本文針對這一背景提出了一種采用細水霧幕阻隔火焰熱輻射保護玻璃的方法,開展了細水霧幕對浮法玻璃保護效果的實驗研究。本文首先考慮了不同細水霧幕工作壓力和不同細水霧幕啟動時間對細水霧幕保護玻璃效果的影響,同時與傳統(tǒng)水膜對浮法玻璃保護效果進行對比。結(jié)果表明,火源與保護裝置同時啟動,細水霧幕和水膜都能將玻璃首次破裂時間延長。本文實驗條件下,火源與保護裝置同時啟動,細水霧幕和水膜都能將玻璃首次破裂時間由150 s延長到600 s。相同的實驗條件及流量下,細水霧幕比水膜表現(xiàn)出更好的保護效果。細水霧幕工作壓力越大,保護效果越好,但當壓力超過1.0 MPa持續(xù)提高細水霧幕壓力,保護效果變化不明顯。當玻璃表面溫度達到一定值后啟動分隔型細水霧幕,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著細水霧幕啟動時間的延遲,其保護效果與同時啟動的工況相比變差。當玻璃表面溫度達到一定值后啟動噴灑型細水霧幕,細水霧幕對窗玻璃保護效果不受影響,仍能有效延長浮法玻璃首次破裂時間。但延遲啟動水膜,玻璃首次破裂時間與同時啟動工況相比明顯縮短。本文還通過改變細水霧幕厚度,詳細分析不同厚度細水霧幕保護下玻璃首次破裂時間、玻璃內(nèi)部最大溫差及玻璃背火面輻射熱通量等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明,細水霧幕厚度對玻璃破裂有顯著影響:壓力一定,細水霧幕厚度越厚,保護效果越好,玻璃首次破裂所需時間越長。同時本文針對細水霧幕對熱輻射的衰減作用,理論計算了不同厚度細水霧幕作用下的透射率和輻射衰減效率,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著細水霧幕厚度增加,輻射衰減效果增強,但當細水霧幕厚度增加到一定值(本文為7.5 cm),繼續(xù)增加細水霧幕厚度,其衰減熱輻射效果無明顯改善。此外,在理論計算細水霧幕透射率基礎(chǔ)上,通過分析經(jīng)典的玻璃破裂時間理論預測模型,建立了細水霧幕保護下玻璃首次破裂時間的預測模型,并將預測結(jié)果與實驗結(jié)果進行對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果呈現(xiàn)較好的一致性。
[Abstract]:Window glass is easily affected by excessive heat flux to rupture and fall off under fire conditions, forming new openings, strengthening ventilation in the fire area, resulting in a sharp increase of fire intensity, even overflow and spread across regions. Affecting the escape of personnel. To study the technology of preventing glass from breaking and falling off under the influence of excessive heat flux is one of the important contents of building fire prevention and control. In view of this background, this paper puts forward a kind of protection against flame heat radiation with water mist curtain. The method of glass. The effect of water mist curtain on the protection of float glass was studied. Firstly, the effects of different working pressure of water mist curtain and different starting time of water mist curtain on the protection effect of water mist curtain were considered. At the same time, compared with the traditional water film to float glass protection effect. The results show that the fire source and protection device start at the same time, the water mist curtain and water film can prolong the first time of glass rupture. At the same time, the water mist curtain and water film can extend the first rupture time of glass from 150 s to 600 s. Under the same experimental conditions and flow rate. The higher the working pressure of water mist curtain, the better the protection effect, but when the pressure is more than 1. 0 MPa, the water mist screen pressure will continue to increase. When the surface temperature of the glass reaches a certain value, the separated water mist curtain can be started, it can be found that the delay of the starting time of the water mist curtain can be found. When the surface temperature of the glass reaches a certain value, the spray water mist curtain is started, and the water mist curtain does not affect the window glass protection effect. The initial rupture time of float glass can still be prolonged effectively. However, when the water film is delayed to start, the first rupture time of glass can be shortened obviously compared with the simultaneous starting condition. The thickness of water mist curtain is also changed in this paper. The key parameters, such as the first rupture time of glass under the protection of water mist curtain with different thickness, the maximum temperature difference inside the glass and the radiation heat flux on the back of the glass fire surface, are analyzed in detail. The thickness of water mist curtain has a significant effect on glass rupture: the thickness of water mist curtain is thicker, the better the protection effect is. The more time it takes to break the glass for the first time, at the same time, the transmittance and radiation attenuation efficiency of water mist curtain with different thickness are calculated theoretically for the attenuation effect of water mist curtain on thermal radiation. It is found that the radiation attenuation effect increases with the increase of the thickness of the water mist curtain, but when the thickness of the water mist curtain increases to a certain value (7.5 cm in this paper, the thickness of the water mist curtain continues to increase. In addition, on the basis of theoretical calculation of transmittance of water mist curtain, the classical prediction model of glass rupture time is analyzed. The prediction model of the first rupture time of glass under the protection of water mist curtain is established and the results are compared with the experimental results. It is found that the results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
【學位授予單位】:中國科學技術(shù)大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:TQ171.721;TU998.1
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