【摘要】：膨潤(rùn)土(Bent)是一種以蒙脫石為主要成分的天然礦物材料,因其獨(dú)特的化學(xué)組成和特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)而具有較高的熱穩(wěn)定性和較大的比表面積,常用作各種環(huán)境友好型催化劑的載體。為了使載體具有更大的比表面積和更高的熱穩(wěn)定性,往往需要對(duì)天然膨潤(rùn)土進(jìn)行純化以去掉雜質(zhì)得到高含量的蒙脫石,然后通過負(fù)載等手段制得不同類型的改性膨潤(rùn)土,然后將其用作催化劑,應(yīng)用到催化、吸附等方向。這種以膨潤(rùn)土作為載體的催化劑,具有制備成本低、催化活性高、易分離和可多次循環(huán)使用的優(yōu)點(diǎn),是一種有廣泛應(yīng)用前景的綠色催化劑。本文以提純純化的膨潤(rùn)土為載體,制備出負(fù)載硫酸高鈰、負(fù)載三氯化鋁、羥基鐵鋁柱撐三種催化劑,并通過FTIR、XRD、SEM、TG、BET等手段對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)與形貌加以表征,研究了三種催化劑分別對(duì)酯化反應(yīng),�；磻�(yīng),吸附作用的性能。主要內(nèi)容如下:1.以河南信陽(yáng)鈉基膨潤(rùn)土為原料,經(jīng)過提純、純化、酸化處理,制備成載體,采取浸漬蒸發(fā)法制備蒙脫石負(fù)載硫酸高鈰固體酸催化劑。通過FTIR、XRD、SEM、TG、BET等手段對(duì)蒙脫石負(fù)載硫酸鈰固體酸催化劑進(jìn)行了表征。利用合成乙酸異丁酯的反應(yīng)為催化性能的評(píng)價(jià)體系。結(jié)果表明:負(fù)載型催化劑具有良好的催化性能,在反應(yīng)溫度為100℃,醇酸比為1.12:1時(shí),硫酸高鈰負(fù)載量為20%,催化劑用量為1.5g,反應(yīng)2 h時(shí),催化效率最佳產(chǎn)率達(dá)到了88.9%。同時(shí),反應(yīng)后的催化劑容易分離。六次重復(fù)使用后的催化效率依然保持83.1%。2.采用浸漬蒸發(fā)法制備酸化蒙脫石負(fù)載AlCl3催化劑,通過FTIR、XRD、SEM、TG、BET等對(duì)催化劑進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)表征分析,利用合成乙酸異戊酯的�；磻�(yīng),評(píng)定體系性能。結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)乙酸異戊酯的催化性能研究表明,在反應(yīng)溫度為95℃,醇酐比為1.1:1時(shí),催化劑用量為0.4g,反應(yīng)40min時(shí),催化效率最佳產(chǎn)率達(dá)到了85.38%。同時(shí),反應(yīng)后的催化劑容易分離。五次重復(fù)使用后的催化效率依然保持84.12%,說明這類負(fù)載型固體酸催化劑穩(wěn)定性好。3.本章利用提純和純化后膨潤(rùn)土進(jìn)行鐵鋁柱撐改性,通過FTIR、XRD、TG、BET等分析手段對(duì)鐵鋁柱撐膨潤(rùn)土進(jìn)行表征,并以典型的有機(jī)染料酸性大紅3R作為研究對(duì)象,探究鐵鋁柱撐膨潤(rùn)土對(duì)染料廢水的吸附性能。結(jié)果表明:處理模擬廢水酸性大紅3R濃度為250mg/L,改性膨潤(rùn)土投加量為1.0g,反應(yīng)溫度為30℃,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為40min時(shí),反應(yīng)的pH值為3,其色度去除率和COD的去除率分別達(dá)到91.26%、86.67%,濃度去除率達(dá)到98.8%。
[Abstract]:Bentonite (Bent) is a kind of natural mineral material with montmorillonite as its main component. Because of its unique chemical composition and special structure, bentonite has high thermal stability and large specific surface area. It is often used as the carrier of various environmentally friendly catalysts. In order to make the carrier have larger specific surface area and higher thermal stability, it is often necessary to purify the natural bentonite to get high content of montmorillonite, and then to prepare different types of modified bentonite by means of loading and so on. Then it is used as catalyst, applied to the direction of catalysis, adsorption and so on. This kind of catalyst with bentonite as the carrier has the advantages of low preparation cost, high catalytic activity, easy separation and can be reused for many times. It is a green catalyst with wide application prospect. In this paper, three kinds of catalysts supported on cerium sulfate, aluminum trichloride and hydroxy-ferric aluminum pillared were prepared by using purified bentonite as carrier, and their structure and morphology were characterized by FTIR,XRD,SEM,TG,BET. The properties of three catalysts for esterification, acylation and adsorption were studied. The main contents are as follows: 1. The solid acid catalyst of montmorillonite supported on cerium sulfate was prepared from Xinyang sodium bentonite from Henan Province by purification acidification and preparation of solid acid catalyst by impregnation evaporation. Montmorillonite supported cerium sulfate solid acid catalyst was characterized by FTIR,XRD,SEM,TG,BET. The synthesis of isobutyl acetate was used as a catalytic evaluation system. The results show that the supported catalyst has good catalytic performance. When the reaction temperature is 100 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2428876