【摘要】：水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)是蓼科(Polygonaceae)蓼屬(Polygonum)植物。蓼科植物世界上有40屬800余種,主要分布在北溫帶,生長于海拔450~1500米的溝邊、水旁,我國有11屬,約180多種,分布于南北各省;秦嶺產(chǎn)8屬,52種,6變種。蓼屬植物中很多種類為我國重要的藥物資源,具有活血止痛、清熱解毒、散結(jié)消腫、收斂止瀉、順氣解痙、通經(jīng)利尿等功效,它們在抗菌、抗氧化、抗腫瘤、殺蟲等方面均表現(xiàn)出較好的生物活性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),該屬植物的化學(xué)成分主要有黃酮類、醌類、二苯乙烯類、苯丙素類、甾體類、揮發(fā)油及其他類型的化合物。為了進(jìn)一步開發(fā)該屬植物藥用價(jià)值,本課題首次對秦嶺山區(qū)的水蓼全草化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了分離鑒定,并探究了其在抑菌和抗氧化方面的生物活性。干燥水蓼全草13.1 kg,粉碎后用95%乙醇浸泡,蒸餾提取多次,所得粗提物經(jīng)水懸浮后用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇依次進(jìn)行萃取。經(jīng)過多種色譜手段以及重結(jié)晶等方法從三相有機(jī)溶劑萃取物中共分離得到15個(gè)化合物,其中從石油醚相中得到化合物1~3,乙酸乙酯相中得到化合物4~11,正丁醇相中得到化合物12~15。通過現(xiàn)代波譜技術(shù)和化合物理化性質(zhì)分析鑒定分離得到的15個(gè)化合物,確定其分別為β-谷甾醇(1)、aniba dimer A(2)、豆甾-4-烯-3β,6a-二醇(3)、琥珀酸(4)、槲皮素(5)、沒食子酸(6)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、胡蘿卜苷(9)、槲皮素-3-O-β-半乳糖苷(10)、山柰酚-3-O-β-半乳糖苷(11)、富馬酸(12)、鞣花酸(13)、β-正丁基-D-塔格糖(14)、槲皮素-3-O-(2''-O-沒食子�；�)葡萄糖苷(15)。其中化合物2、3、8、11~15為首次從該植物中分離得到,且化合物3、12、14為首次從蓼屬植物中分離得到。對分離得到的化合物1、2、4~7及9~15進(jìn)行抑菌活性測試,測定了其對4株細(xì)菌和9株植物病原菌真菌的抑制活性。測試結(jié)果表明,黃酮類化合物和羧酸類化合物對4株細(xì)菌和9株植物病原真菌的抑制作用相對較強(qiáng),其中槲皮素和槲皮素-3-O-(2''-O-沒食子�；�)葡萄糖苷對金黃色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最強(qiáng),最小抑菌濃度均為31.2μg·mL-1;其他黃酮類化合物因其結(jié)構(gòu)上的不同對各菌株抑制活性表現(xiàn)出一定的差異;化合物1、2、9和14對所測試細(xì)菌和植物病原菌均未表現(xiàn)出明顯的抑制作用。對化合物5~8、10、12、13以及15進(jìn)行抗氧化活性測試,以各個(gè)化合物對DPPH自由基的清除率來判斷其抗氧化能力的強(qiáng)弱。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,從水蓼中分離得到的槲皮素、沒食子酸、鞣花酸和槲皮素-3-O-(2''-O-沒食子�；�)葡萄糖苷的抗氧化活性最好,強(qiáng)于維生素C;其他黃酮類化合物也均有良好的抗氧化活性,但因結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異抗氧化活性有所不同。由此可知水蓼中含有抗氧化活性的物質(zhì),可作為抗氧化劑進(jìn)一步開發(fā)利用。
[Abstract]:Polygonum hydrophylla (Polygonum hydropiper L.) Polygonaceae (Polygonaceae) Polygonum (Polygonum) plant. There are more than 800 species of 40 genera in the world, mainly distributed in the northern temperate zone, growing on the edge of 450, 500 meters above sea level and near the water side. There are 11 genera, more than 180 species, distributed in the provinces of North and South in China, and there are 52 species and 6 varieties in 8 genera, 6 varieties in Qinling Mountains. Many species of Polygonum are important medicinal resources in our country. They have the functions of promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, clearing away heat and detoxifying, dispersing knot and detumescence, astringent and reducing diarrhea, relieving spasmolysis by Qi, and diuresis, etc., they are antibacterial, antioxidation, antitumor, and so on. Insecticidal and other aspects showed good biological activity. It is found that the chemical constituents of this genus are flavonoids, quinones, stilbenes, phenylpropanoids, steroids, volatile oils and other compounds. In order to further develop the medicinal value of this genus, the chemical constituents of Polygonum hydropiper in Qinling Mountain area were isolated and identified for the first time, and its biological activities in bacteriostasis and antioxidation were studied. The dried Polygonum hydropiper was ground up by 13.1 kg, and soaked in 95% ethanol for many times. The crude extract was extracted by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol after suspension in water. A total of 15 compounds were isolated from the three-phase organic solvent extract by various chromatographic methods and recrystallization methods. Among them, compound 1: 3 was obtained from petroleum ether phase, and compound 411 was obtained from ethyl acetate phase. The compound 12N 15 was obtained from n-butanol phase. Fifteen compounds were identified by modern spectroscopic techniques and physicochemical properties analysis. The compounds were identified as 尾 -sitosterol (1), aniba dimer A (_ 2), beta-4-ene-3 尾, 6a- diol (3), succinic acid (4), respectively. Quercetin (5), Gallic acid (6), quercetin 3-O- 尾 -D-glucoside (7), kaempferol 3-O- 尾 -D-glucoside (8), daucoside (9), Quercetin 3-O- 尾 -galactoside (10), kaempferol 3-O- 尾 -galactoside (11), fumaric acid (12), tannin (13), 尾 -n-butyl D-tagose (14), Quercetin-3-O- (2 Acanthoyl) glucoside (15). Among them, compound 2C _ 3H _ 8C _ (1115) was isolated from the plant for the first time, and compound 3n _ 12 ~ (14) was isolated from the genus Polygonum for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of compounds 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 7 and 9'15 were tested, and their inhibitory activities on 4 strains of bacteria and 9 strains of plant pathogenic fungi were determined. The results showed that flavonoids and carboxylic acids had relatively strong inhibitory effects on 4 strains of bacteria and 9 strains of plant pathogenic fungi. Among them, quercetin and quercetin 3-O- (2Ag-O-) glucoside had the strongest inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 31.2 渭 g mL-1;. Other flavonoids showed different inhibitory activities on the strains due to their structural differences, while compounds 1, 2, 9 and 14 had no obvious inhibitory effects on the tested bacteria and plant pathogens. The antioxidative activity of compounds 5, 8, 10, 12, 12, 13 and 15 were tested, and their antioxidant activity was judged by the scavenging rate of each compound to DPPH free radical. The results showed that quercetin, Gallic acid, tannic acid and quercetin 3-O- (2O- O-) glucoside obtained from Polygonum hydropiper had the best antioxidant activity than vitamin C; Other flavonoids also had good antioxidant activity, but the antioxidant activity was different due to the difference in structure. It can be seen that Polygonum hydropiper has antioxidant activity, which can be further developed and utilized as antioxidant.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R284.1;O658

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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1 李曼曼;劉增輝;朱創(chuàng);凌鐵軍;李成網(wǎng);王莉莉;徐燕;;，

本文編號(hào)：2401482