出口南瓜子營養(yǎng)成分分析與質量檢驗
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-09 19:06
【摘要】：以黑龍江省出口南瓜子主栽培品種甜栗王、香栗23、艾碧斯紅栗、蜜本1號為研究材料,首先對出口南瓜子的營養(yǎng)成分進行了分析,其次對其形態(tài)指標、感官檢驗指標、農藥殘留以及重金屬污染等開展了多方面的質量檢驗研究,以期為出口南瓜子的質量安全和品質育種提供理論依據,該研究為豐富食物成分數據庫的內容和南瓜子系列產品的開發(fā)奠定一定的科學基礎。出口南瓜子的營養(yǎng)成分研究在進行了不同品種出口南瓜子的纖維素、蛋白質、脂肪及多糖等含量的測定與分析的基礎上,采用高效液相色譜法和氣相色譜法分別對南瓜子中主要功效物質糖蛋白和南瓜子油中脂肪酸進行了含量測定與分析,用離子發(fā)射光譜法測定了不同品種南瓜子10種礦質元素的含量;出口南瓜子質量檢驗首先對其長、寬、厚度、千粒重及出仁率等形態(tài)指標進行了測定,其次對出口南瓜子進行了感官檢驗,另外采用氣-質譜聯(lián)用法和原子吸收光譜法對出口南瓜子的12種農藥殘留和6種重金屬含量進行了測定與分析。研究結果表明:1.通過對南瓜子營養(yǎng)成分和礦質元素的含量測定及差異性分析,可知不同品種南瓜子在各項檢測指標整體均達到差異極顯著水平。營養(yǎng)成分和礦物質含量與其品種和生長環(huán)境有密切關系。其中粗纖維含量最高者為香栗23;多糖和粗蛋白含量最高者為甜栗王;粗脂肪含量最高者為艾碧斯紅栗。不同品種南瓜子中K、Mg、Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu、Al、Na差異極顯著,證明南瓜子為高鉀低鈉植物;高效液相色譜法對南瓜子醇提取物中糖蛋白含量測定結果顯示,甜栗王中糖蛋白含量最高為583.68 mg/g;氣相色譜法對南瓜子油測定結果顯示,四個品種南瓜子油中不飽和脂肪酸含量差異顯著,亞油酸和亞麻酸含量最高者均為艾碧斯紅栗,油酸含量最高者為甜栗王。2.種子形態(tài)指標結果表明,不同品種南瓜子在種長、寬、厚度、千粒重、出仁率種子方面均存在極顯著差異性,艾碧斯紅栗在種子形態(tài)特征上優(yōu)于其它品種;南瓜子感官檢驗結果顯示,艾碧斯紅栗在純度、雜質和不完善粒方面,與其他品種均有顯著差異;農藥殘留研究顯示,不同樣品中的12種農藥殘留均未超過國家食品安全標準;重金屬含量檢測表明,不同南瓜子中的Cd、Cu、Pb、Cr、As、Hg等重金屬含量均未超出國家食品安全標準。
[Abstract]:The main cultivated varieties of pumpkin seeds in Heilongjiang Province, such as sweet chestnut, Xiangli 23, Abies red chestnut and Mimoto 1, were used as the research materials. The nutritive components of the exported pumpkin seeds were analyzed at first, and then the morphological indexes and sensory examination indexes were analyzed. In order to provide theoretical basis for quality safety and quality breeding of pumpkin seeds for export, pesticide residues and heavy metal pollution have been studied in many aspects. This study lays a scientific foundation for enriching the contents of food ingredients database and the development of pumpkin seeds. On the basis of the determination and analysis of the contents of cellulose, protein, fat and polysaccharides in different varieties of pumpkin seeds, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) were used to determine the contents of glycoprotein and fatty acid in pumpkin seed oil. The contents of 10 mineral elements in different varieties of pumpkin seeds were determined by ion emission spectrometry. The length, width, thickness, 1000-grain weight and kernel rate of pumpkin seeds for export were measured first, and then sensory tests were carried out for export seeds. In addition, 12 pesticide residues and 6 heavy metals in pumpkin seeds were determined and analyzed by gas mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that: 1. Through the determination and analysis of the contents of nutrients and mineral elements in the seeds of pumpkin, it can be seen that the different varieties of pumpkin seeds have reached the most significant level in the whole testing index. The nutrient composition and mineral content are closely related to its variety and growing environment. The content of crude fiber was highest, the content of polysaccharide and crude protein was the highest, the content of crude fat was the highest. The difference of K _ (2 +) mg ~ (2 +) Ca ~ (2 +) Fe ~ (2 +) mn ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Na in different varieties of pumpkin seeds is very significant, which proves that pumpkin seeds are high potassium and low sodium plant. The determination of glycoprotein content in the alcohol extract of pumpkin seeds by HPLC showed that the highest glycoprotein content in sweet chestnut was 583.68 mg/g;. The results of gas chromatography showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the four varieties of pumpkin seed oil was significantly different. The highest linoleic acid and linolenic acid content in the four varieties were both Ebiscus chestnut, and the highest oleic acid content was the sweet chestnut. 2. The results of seed morphology showed that there were significant differences in seed length, width, thickness, 1000-grain weight and seed yield among different varieties of pumpkin seeds, and the seed morphological characteristics of Ebiscus mollissima were superior to those of other varieties. Sensory examination of pumpkin seeds showed that there were significant differences in purity, impurity and imperfections between Chinese chestnut and other varieties, and pesticide residue studies showed that 12 pesticide residues in different samples did not exceed the national food safety standards. The content of heavy metals in different pumpkin seeds, such as Cd,Cu,Pb,Cr,As,Hg, did not exceed the national food safety standard.
【學位授予單位】：佳木斯大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TS255.6;O657.63
本文編號：2369885
[Abstract]:The main cultivated varieties of pumpkin seeds in Heilongjiang Province, such as sweet chestnut, Xiangli 23, Abies red chestnut and Mimoto 1, were used as the research materials. The nutritive components of the exported pumpkin seeds were analyzed at first, and then the morphological indexes and sensory examination indexes were analyzed. In order to provide theoretical basis for quality safety and quality breeding of pumpkin seeds for export, pesticide residues and heavy metal pollution have been studied in many aspects. This study lays a scientific foundation for enriching the contents of food ingredients database and the development of pumpkin seeds. On the basis of the determination and analysis of the contents of cellulose, protein, fat and polysaccharides in different varieties of pumpkin seeds, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) were used to determine the contents of glycoprotein and fatty acid in pumpkin seed oil. The contents of 10 mineral elements in different varieties of pumpkin seeds were determined by ion emission spectrometry. The length, width, thickness, 1000-grain weight and kernel rate of pumpkin seeds for export were measured first, and then sensory tests were carried out for export seeds. In addition, 12 pesticide residues and 6 heavy metals in pumpkin seeds were determined and analyzed by gas mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that: 1. Through the determination and analysis of the contents of nutrients and mineral elements in the seeds of pumpkin, it can be seen that the different varieties of pumpkin seeds have reached the most significant level in the whole testing index. The nutrient composition and mineral content are closely related to its variety and growing environment. The content of crude fiber was highest, the content of polysaccharide and crude protein was the highest, the content of crude fat was the highest. The difference of K _ (2 +) mg ~ (2 +) Ca ~ (2 +) Fe ~ (2 +) mn ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Na in different varieties of pumpkin seeds is very significant, which proves that pumpkin seeds are high potassium and low sodium plant. The determination of glycoprotein content in the alcohol extract of pumpkin seeds by HPLC showed that the highest glycoprotein content in sweet chestnut was 583.68 mg/g;. The results of gas chromatography showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the four varieties of pumpkin seed oil was significantly different. The highest linoleic acid and linolenic acid content in the four varieties were both Ebiscus chestnut, and the highest oleic acid content was the sweet chestnut. 2. The results of seed morphology showed that there were significant differences in seed length, width, thickness, 1000-grain weight and seed yield among different varieties of pumpkin seeds, and the seed morphological characteristics of Ebiscus mollissima were superior to those of other varieties. Sensory examination of pumpkin seeds showed that there were significant differences in purity, impurity and imperfections between Chinese chestnut and other varieties, and pesticide residue studies showed that 12 pesticide residues in different samples did not exceed the national food safety standards. The content of heavy metals in different pumpkin seeds, such as Cd,Cu,Pb,Cr,As,Hg, did not exceed the national food safety standard.
【學位授予單位】：佳木斯大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TS255.6;O657.63
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