負(fù)載到二氧化鈦和二氧化鋯表面上的金團(tuán)簇的結(jié)構(gòu)
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-11-07 07:08
【摘要】:從1987年Haruta等人發(fā)現(xiàn)TiO_2或Fe2O3襯底上的金團(tuán)簇在低溫下的高效催化活性以來(lái),近三十年來(lái)納米金催化劑得到了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。到目前為止,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)納米金擔(dān)載到一些金屬氧化物上能催化很多化學(xué)反應(yīng),包括烯烴制氫、硝基還原、醇類的選擇性氧化、一些耦合反應(yīng)、胺化反應(yīng)等等。眾所周知,催化劑的催化效率和納米金團(tuán)簇的形狀、尺寸、以及與金屬氧化物界面之間的電荷轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān)。本論文中我們用密度泛函理論方法,研究了Aun(n=1-20)團(tuán)簇在金紅石相TiO_2(110)面的穩(wěn)定結(jié)構(gòu)及其電荷轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)理。我們分別計(jì)算了金團(tuán)簇在自然狀態(tài)下和負(fù)載到表面上的形狀和尺寸,并且分析了它們之間的聯(lián)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)在自然狀態(tài)下Aun(n≤13)時(shí),團(tuán)簇傾向于二維平面結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定,二維(2D)到三維的轉(zhuǎn)變(2D-3D)發(fā)生在n=13或15。Au20團(tuán)簇呈現(xiàn)四面體結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定,可以看做是面心立方體相金的一部分,對(duì)于中等尺寸的金團(tuán)簇是類面心立方、二層、籠狀結(jié)構(gòu),或者是擁擠的對(duì)稱性極低的殼狀結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定。同時(shí),我們也研究了金團(tuán)簇在表面上的生長(zhǎng)模式,但是金團(tuán)簇在表面上的生長(zhǎng)模式和在自然狀態(tài)下的生長(zhǎng)模式很不相同。由于我們計(jì)算的金團(tuán)簇相對(duì)比較大,所以在計(jì)算過程中我們的模型也相對(duì)很大,大的由幾百個(gè)原子組成,尤其是要保證團(tuán)簇和團(tuán)簇之間沒有相互作用,表面就會(huì)相應(yīng)增大,團(tuán)簇越大,計(jì)算模型也越大,這樣對(duì)于計(jì)算機(jī)耗時(shí)量也相對(duì)很大。在這篇文章中,我們用更大的表面,進(jìn)一步系統(tǒng)地計(jì)算了Aun/TiO_2(n=1-20)團(tuán)簇在TiO_2(110)面的生長(zhǎng)模式。我們想知道團(tuán)簇Aun(n≥7)在金紅石相TiO_2(110)面上的穩(wěn)定吸附構(gòu)型,進(jìn)一步了解團(tuán)簇和表面的相互作用機(jī)理,同時(shí)也討論了電子結(jié)構(gòu)和電荷分布。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)Aun團(tuán)簇在表面上傾向于平面或類平面結(jié)構(gòu),并且這些平面結(jié)構(gòu)和實(shí)驗(yàn)是相符的,色散力決定了Aun團(tuán)簇和表面的相互作用,從而形成了Aun團(tuán)簇的平面結(jié)構(gòu)。TiO_2表面上的所有Aun團(tuán)簇都帶正電荷,但是由于團(tuán)簇所含原子奇偶數(shù)不同,團(tuán)簇所帶電荷隨著n的增大會(huì)出現(xiàn)振蕩,尤其是n12。當(dāng)n為偶數(shù)時(shí)我們能觀察到明顯的電荷不一致性,在一些偶數(shù)個(gè)金原子的Aun團(tuán)簇中,部分Au原子帶有明顯的負(fù)電荷。同時(shí)我們也研究了Aun(n=1-14)團(tuán)簇負(fù)載在ZrO_2(111)面的生長(zhǎng)模式。我們進(jìn)行了比較,金團(tuán)簇在這兩種表面上的穩(wěn)定吸附都是傾向于平面結(jié)構(gòu),但是穩(wěn)定構(gòu)型有很大不同,而且從電荷分析來(lái)看,金團(tuán)簇在二氧化鋯表面吸附時(shí)隨著團(tuán)簇的增大,電荷分布幾乎呈直線型,而不會(huì)出現(xiàn)振蕩。
[Abstract]:Since 1987, when Haruta et al. discovered the high catalytic activity of gold clusters on TiO_2 or Fe2O3 substrates at low temperature, nanocrystalline gold catalysts have attracted much attention in recent 30 years. Up to now, it has been found that gold nanoparticles supported on some metal oxides can catalyze many chemical reactions, including olefin hydrogen production, nitro reduction, selective oxidation of alcohols, some coupling reactions, amination and so on. It is well known that the catalytic efficiency of the catalysts is related to the shape and size of the gold nanoclusters and to the charge transfer between the metal oxide interfaces. In this paper, we study the stable structure and charge transfer mechanism of Aun (nni1-20) clusters on the TiO_2 (110) surface of rutile phase by using density functional theory (DFT). We calculate the shape and size of gold clusters in natural state and load to surface, and analyze the relationship between them. It is found that when Aun (n 鈮,
本文編號(hào):2315602
[Abstract]:Since 1987, when Haruta et al. discovered the high catalytic activity of gold clusters on TiO_2 or Fe2O3 substrates at low temperature, nanocrystalline gold catalysts have attracted much attention in recent 30 years. Up to now, it has been found that gold nanoparticles supported on some metal oxides can catalyze many chemical reactions, including olefin hydrogen production, nitro reduction, selective oxidation of alcohols, some coupling reactions, amination and so on. It is well known that the catalytic efficiency of the catalysts is related to the shape and size of the gold nanoclusters and to the charge transfer between the metal oxide interfaces. In this paper, we study the stable structure and charge transfer mechanism of Aun (nni1-20) clusters on the TiO_2 (110) surface of rutile phase by using density functional theory (DFT). We calculate the shape and size of gold clusters in natural state and load to surface, and analyze the relationship between them. It is found that when Aun (n 鈮,
本文編號(hào):2315602
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