【摘要】：熱電材料是一種利用塞貝克效應、帕爾貼效應和湯姆森效應實現(xiàn)熱能和電能直接相互轉換的綠色能源材料。迄今為止,高性能的熱電材料大部分為無機半導體材料,然而由于其資源有限、毒性大、可加工性差等因素,限制了它們的廣泛應用。而導電聚合物材料恰恰在一定程度上彌補了無機材料的不足,近年來已經逐漸成為熱電領域的研究熱點。而其中的聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDOT),由于其具有結構簡單、穩(wěn)定性好以及電導率高等優(yōu)點,在有機薄膜太陽能電池材料、抗靜電涂層、電致變色材料、塑料電子元件、透明電池材料和傳感器等方面應用廣泛。本文的研究工作主要集中在PEDOT微納米結構的可控構筑及其復合材料的制備和熱電性能研究。工作內容主要分為以下三個部分:1.采用反相膠束法,以氯化鐵為氧化劑,合成了常規(guī)鱗片狀和四種微納米結構的PEDOT(球狀、棒狀、管狀和纖維狀)。通過對其電導率和塞貝克系數(shù)的系統(tǒng)性測試,發(fā)現(xiàn)其功率因子與聚合物納米結構形貌密切相關,且遵循:常規(guī)鱗片狀球狀棒狀管狀纖維狀的順序。通過霍爾效應、X-射線衍射、X-射線光電子能譜和傅里葉變換紅外光譜的測試和分析,較深入地解釋了熱電性能提高的原因。2.采用反相膠束法,通過化學氧化的方法分別在二甲苯和正己烷溶劑中制備了兩種具有不同納米結構的PEDOT/SWCNT復合材料。其中以二甲苯為溶劑制得的具有“珊瑚結構”的復合材料比以正己烷為溶劑制得的具有光滑表面“電纜結構”的復合材料有更高的熱電性能。同時,利用X-射線衍射、拉曼光譜和X-射線光電子能譜對復合材料的結構和性能之間關系進行了分析和闡述。3.通過化學氧化的方法在水相膠束中制備了包覆性較差的PEDOT/SWCNT復合材料。隨著碳管含量的加入,熱電性能明顯提高,這可能和復合材料特殊的“鋼筋水泥”結構有關。這種特殊的平面包覆結構可能有利于電子的傳輸,為以后設計高性能的熱電材料提供了一個可能的途徑。
[Abstract]:Thermoelectric material is a kind of green energy material which uses Seebeck effect, Partier effect and Thomson effect to realize the direct conversion of heat energy and electric energy. Up to now, most of the high performance thermoelectric materials are inorganic semiconductor materials. However, due to their limited resources, high toxicity, poor processability and other factors, their wide application is limited. The conductive polymer materials to some extent make up for the lack of inorganic materials, in recent years has gradually become a hot spot in the field of thermoelectricity. Due to its advantages of simple structure, good stability and high conductivity, poly (3o 4- ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT),) is widely used in organic thin film solar cell materials, antistatic coatings, electrochromic materials, plastic electronic components, etc. Transparent battery materials and sensors are widely used. This paper focuses on the controllable construction of PEDOT microstructures and the preparation and thermoelectric properties of the composites. Work content is divided into the following three parts: 1. PEDOT (spherical, rod, tubular and fibrous) of conventional scale and four kinds of microstructures were synthesized by reverse micelle method with ferric chloride as oxidant. By systematic measurement of conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, it is found that the power factor is closely related to the morphology of polymer nanostructures, and follows the order of conventional scaly spherical tubular fibers. Through the measurement and analysis of Hall effect, X ray diffraction, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the reasons for the improvement of thermoelectric properties are explained. 2. Two kinds of PEDOT/SWCNT composites with different nanostructures were prepared by reversed-phase micelle method in xylene and n-hexane solvents by chemical oxidation. The composite with "coral structure" prepared by using xylene as solvent has higher thermoelectric properties than that with smooth surface "cable structure" prepared by using n-hexane as solvent. At the same time, the relationship between the structure and properties of the composites was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. PEDOT/SWCNT composites with poor cladding property were prepared by chemical oxidation in aqueous micelles. With the addition of carbon pipe, the thermoelectric properties are obviously improved, which may be related to the special "reinforced concrete" structure of composite material. This special planar cladding structure may be beneficial to the transmission of electrons, which provides a possible way for the design of high performance thermoelectric materials in the future.
【學位授予單位】：青島科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O633.5

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