【摘要】：近幾年,活性物質(zhì)的研究引起了科學(xué)界的高度興趣,它們能夠依靠不斷消耗周圍的能量實(shí)現(xiàn)自驅(qū)動,同時使系統(tǒng)處于熱力學(xué)非平衡態(tài),例如魚群、鳥群、細(xì)菌菌落以及細(xì)胞組成的組織等.在這些群體中,個體成員之間可以通過某些簡單的規(guī)則進(jìn)行"通訊",進(jìn)而呈現(xiàn)出有趣且相對復(fù)雜的群體行為.長期以來,細(xì)菌被用作模型系統(tǒng)以研究個體行為如何導(dǎo)致群體行為.最近,對能夠自主運(yùn)動和動態(tài)自組裝的人造膠體顆粒的研究快速發(fā)展,并且受到了廣泛的關(guān)注.這類膠體顆粒又被稱為微納米馬達(dá),能夠自發(fā)運(yùn)動,并且易于制備和功能化,具有良好的均一性,因而能作為細(xì)菌的補(bǔ)充,幫助我們更好地研究活性物質(zhì).本文綜述了活性膠體領(lǐng)域近幾年的主要發(fā)展,包括自然界中存在的微生物和人造膠體顆粒.在對細(xì)菌的研究進(jìn)行簡要介紹后,重點(diǎn)介紹了人造活性膠體顆粒實(shí)驗(yàn)方面的進(jìn)展.首先介紹了幾種主流的人造活性膠體體系,并且著重介紹了其驅(qū)動機(jī)理;隨后概述了這些活性膠體顆粒在動態(tài)自組裝方面的研究進(jìn)展.活性膠體顆粒之間可以經(jīng)由化學(xué)物質(zhì)梯度、靜電力相互作用、范德華力以及流體力學(xué)相互作用等機(jī)制,出現(xiàn)成對組裝、團(tuán)簇、群聚以及其他動態(tài)行為;最后對本領(lǐng)域未來的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了討論和展望.
[Abstract]:In recent years, the research of active substances has aroused great interest in the scientific community. They can drive themselves by constantly consuming the energy around them, while keeping the system in thermodynamic non-equilibrium states, such as fish flocks, birds and flocks. Bacterial colonies and tissue composed of cells, etc. In these groups, individual members can communicate with each other by some simple rules, thus presenting interesting and relatively complex group behavior. Bacteria have long been used as model systems to study how individual behavior leads to group behavior. Recently, the research of artificial colloidal particles which can move independently and dynamically self-assemble has been developed rapidly and received wide attention. This kind of colloidal particles, also known as micro-nano motors, can move spontaneously, and are easy to be prepared and functionalized, and have good homogeneity, so they can be used as a supplement to bacteria and help us to study active substances better. This paper reviews the main developments in the field of active colloids in recent years, including microbes and artificial colloid particles in nature. After a brief introduction of bacteria research, the progress of artificial active colloidal particles was introduced. Firstly, several kinds of main artificial active colloid systems are introduced, and the driving mechanism of these active colloidal particles is emphatically introduced, and then the research progress in dynamic self-assembly of these active colloidal particles is summarized. The active colloidal particles can be assembled in pairs, clusters, clusters and other dynamic behaviors through chemical gradients, electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces and hydrodynamic interactions. Finally, the future development of this field is discussed and prospected.
【作者單位】： 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)深圳研究生院;上海交通大學(xué)物理與天文系;上海交通大學(xué)自然科學(xué)研究院;人工微結(jié)構(gòu)科學(xué)與技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(11402069,11422427) 深圳市孔雀技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(KQCX20140521144102503) 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)科研啟動基金及杰出人才培育基金 上海高校特聘教授(東方學(xué)者)崗位計劃(SHDP201301) 上海市教委科研創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(14ZZ030)資助
【分類號】：O648.1

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