【摘要】：水體環(huán)境中痕量重金屬離子及無機污染物的分析測定是現(xiàn)代分析化學(xué)的一個重要分支。目前的大型儀器設(shè)備只適合在實驗室內(nèi)使用,無法實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場分析測定。日益嚴峻的水體污染事件要求環(huán)境分析技術(shù)向現(xiàn)場化和便攜化方向發(fā)展。本論文將光導(dǎo)纖維與光譜技術(shù)相結(jié)合,構(gòu)建了微型吸收型光纖化學(xué)傳感器,利用其傳輸損耗小、傳輸容量大、靈敏度高、可微型化、抗電磁干擾和防腐蝕能力強等優(yōu)點,應(yīng)用于水體環(huán)境中痕量污染物的實時在線分析檢測。論文構(gòu)建了微升級檢測池的光纖吸收檢測探頭,將其集成于閥上實驗室(LOV)系統(tǒng),結(jié)合微順序注射分析技術(shù),建立了一種微型化的介觀流控-閥上實驗室光纖吸收檢測傳感器裝置(FOS-LOV),并應(yīng)用于水體中亞硝酸鹽和余氯污染物的檢測。實驗優(yōu)化了載流速度和顯色時間等各項實驗條件,探討了檢測溫度對檢測結(jié)果的影響,并對檢測方法的抗干擾能力進行了測定;在最佳實驗條件下,對實際樣品和加標回收率進行了測定;將測定樣品結(jié)果與傳統(tǒng)方法進行了對比。結(jié)果表明:利用LOV的自動介觀流控特征和光纖檢測的高靈敏性,有效地減少了分析過程中樣品和試劑的消耗,提高了分析速度和檢測靈敏度,成功建立了一種自動、準確、快速的在線污染物定量分析方法。論文以光纖表面產(chǎn)生的漸逝場為工作基礎(chǔ),提出了基于漸逝場原理的光纖界面檢測方法,并搭建出光纖漸逝場傳感器裝置。實驗利用光纖表面產(chǎn)生的漸逝場與傳感試劑發(fā)生光學(xué)吸收反應(yīng),痕量污染物的存在可以引起漸逝場信號的靈敏變化,結(jié)合流動注射分析技術(shù),對茶葉樣品中無機氟離子含量和廢水樣品中的Cr(Ⅵ)含量進行高靈敏檢測。實驗優(yōu)化了載流速度和顯色時間等各項實驗條件,探討了檢測溫度對檢測結(jié)果的影響,并對檢測方法的抗干擾能力進行了測定;在最佳實驗條件下,對實際樣品和加標回收率進行了測定;將光纖漸逝場感器測定樣品結(jié)果與紫外分光光度計所得結(jié)果進行了對比。實驗結(jié)果證明:該方法利用光纖表面產(chǎn)生的漸逝場,將檢測和傳導(dǎo)介質(zhì)都集成在單根光纖表面,避免了復(fù)雜的光學(xué)耦合和調(diào)制,成功實現(xiàn)了分析檢測的光纖化、微型化和便攜化。論文構(gòu)建的微型化光纖化學(xué)傳感器檢測裝置,解決了傳統(tǒng)分析檢測裝置體積龐大、使用環(huán)境苛刻等問題,開發(fā)了水樣中痕量污染物的實時、原位分析檢測技術(shù)。同時,論文通過模塊化設(shè)計的現(xiàn)場化傳感器檢測裝置,避免了復(fù)雜的樣品前處理,簡化了水樣的保存和運輸過程,提升了環(huán)境監(jiān)測的現(xiàn)場水樣分析技術(shù),為痕量物質(zhì)的準確、高靈敏現(xiàn)場檢測建立了分析平臺。
[Abstract]:The analysis and determination of trace heavy metal ions and inorganic pollutants in water environment is an important branch of modern analytical chemistry. The present large-scale instruments and equipments are only suitable for laboratory use and can not be analyzed in the field. The increasingly serious water pollution events require the development of environmental analysis technology towards the field and portable. In this paper, a micro absorption fiber chemical sensor is constructed by combining optical fiber with spectrum technology. It has the advantages of low transmission loss, large transmission capacity, high sensitivity, miniaturization, strong resistance to electromagnetic interference and corrosion resistance, etc. It is applied to real-time and on-line analysis and detection of trace pollutants in water environment. In this paper, the optical fiber absorption detector of the microupgrade detection cell is constructed, which is integrated into the (LOV) system of the laboratory on the valve, and combined with the microsequential injection analysis technology. A miniaturized mesoscopic flow control-on-valve optical fiber absorption sensor (FOS-LOV) was developed and applied to the detection of nitrite and residual chlorine pollutants in water. The experimental conditions such as carrier current velocity and color reaction time are optimized, and the influence of detection temperature on the detection results is discussed, and the anti-interference ability of the detection method is measured. The actual samples and the recoveries were determined, and the results were compared with the traditional methods. The results show that the automatic mesoscopic flow control characteristics of LOV and the high sensitivity of optical fiber detection can effectively reduce the consumption of samples and reagents in the analysis process, improve the analysis speed and detection sensitivity, and successfully establish an automatic and accurate method. A rapid method for quantitative analysis of pollutants on-line. Based on the evanescent field generated on the surface of optical fiber, this paper presents an optical fiber interface detection method based on the principle of evanescent field, and builds a sensor device of optical fiber evanescent field. In the experiment, the optical absorption reaction between the fading field produced by the optical fiber surface and the sensor reagent is carried out. The presence of trace pollutants can cause the sensitive change of the fading field signal, which is combined with the flow injection analysis technique. The content of inorganic fluoride in tea and the content of Cr (鈪，

本文編號：2225033