【摘要】：食品添加劑的使用極大豐富了人們的物質(zhì)飲食文化。然而對(duì)于零售散裝食品面臨著監(jiān)管控制困難的情況,不法商人在食品中違法濫用添加劑,這不僅會(huì)損害了消費(fèi)者的權(quán)益還危害著消費(fèi)者的健康。研究表明,胭脂紅作為一種偶氮類(lèi)色素會(huì)導(dǎo)致DNA損傷誘發(fā)突變,鄰苯甲�；酋啺纷鳛樘砑觿┑陌踩阅壳叭匀淮嬖跔�(zhēng)議,食用油中的乙基麥芽酚香精的發(fā)現(xiàn)則意味著食用油品質(zhì)和安全的降低,而如果長(zhǎng)期過(guò)量食用這些含有乙基麥芽酚的食用油還會(huì)導(dǎo)致頭痛嘔吐等癥狀。完善的樣品處理及檢測(cè)技術(shù)可以幫助我們及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)食品安全存在的問(wèn)題。目前,針對(duì)不同樣品的檢驗(yàn)方法有氣相色譜法(GC)、高效液相色譜法(HPLC)、質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用法(GC-MS)、液相色譜—質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用法(LC-MS)這類(lèi)“黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,這些檢驗(yàn)方法往往存在前處理繁瑣、操作條件復(fù)雜、儀器笨重昂貴等缺點(diǎn),而不適合于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)快速分析檢測(cè)。與傳統(tǒng)的拉曼光譜相比表面增強(qiáng)拉曼光譜(SERS)克服了它低靈敏度的缺點(diǎn),能提供結(jié)構(gòu)特征性強(qiáng)的分子水平信息,在用于痕量樣品的分析檢測(cè)中發(fā)揮了重要作用。表面增強(qiáng)拉曼光譜應(yīng)用的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)就是制備能增強(qiáng)拉曼信號(hào)的SERS基底。金、銀納米粒子,其中金屬納米由于其固有的表面等離子體共振效應(yīng),常作為SERS增強(qiáng)基底。在制備的納米粒子的過(guò)程中加入一定量的保護(hù)劑可有效阻止納米粒子的團(tuán)聚,提高納米粒子的穩(wěn)定性。本文進(jìn)行嘗試性研究,將拉曼光譜技術(shù)應(yīng)用于食品安全檢測(cè)中,對(duì)茶飲中胭脂紅、冬棗中的鄰苯甲�；酋啺泛褪秤糜椭幸一溠糠舆M(jìn)行測(cè)定,試圖建立起簡(jiǎn)便、快速的不良食品添加劑的檢測(cè)新方法,進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大拉曼光譜的使用范圍,為拉曼光譜在食品安全檢測(cè)發(fā)展中打下良好基礎(chǔ)。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:1、通過(guò)改變激發(fā)光激發(fā)波長(zhǎng)降低樣品熒光背景信號(hào),對(duì)三種紅色色素胭脂紅,羅丹明B以及羅丹明6G進(jìn)行同時(shí)測(cè)定,能夠顯著區(qū)分三種物質(zhì)并能同時(shí)測(cè)定。2、通過(guò)引入植酸鈉保護(hù)劑對(duì)制備的金屬Ag納米粒子進(jìn)行修飾,該方法簡(jiǎn)單快捷,穩(wěn)定性良好,以R6G為探針?lè)肿?SERS增強(qiáng)性能良好,可用于檢測(cè)冬棗中的鄰苯甲�；酋啺�。3、引入Fe~(3+)為媒介并采用功能化金納米粒子對(duì)揮發(fā)性乙基麥芽酚進(jìn)行檢測(cè),實(shí)現(xiàn)可視化-散射光譜兩種方式鑒別食品中的乙基麥芽酚,方法簡(jiǎn)單快捷。本論文研究結(jié)果表明,采用拉曼光譜技術(shù)對(duì)茶飲中胭脂紅、冬棗中鄰苯甲�；酋啺贰⑹秤糜椭幸一溠糠舆M(jìn)行檢測(cè),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果較理想,具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)推廣價(jià)值。說(shuō)明拉曼光譜作為一種快速、無(wú)損、安全的檢測(cè)技術(shù),在食品安全檢測(cè)中具有一定的應(yīng)用前景和市場(chǎng)潛力。
[Abstract]:The use of food additives has greatly enriched people's material diet culture. However, it is difficult to supervise and control retail bulk food. Illegal merchants abuse additives illegally in food, which not only damages the rights and interests of consumers, but also harms the health of consumers. The results show that rouge, as an azo pigment, can lead to DNA damage induced mutation, and the safety of o-benzoyl sulfonimide as an additive is still controversial. The discovery of ethyl maltol in edible oils means a decrease in the quality and safety of edible oils, which can also lead to symptoms such as headache and vomiting if the edible oils contain ethyl maltol for a long period of time. Perfect sample handling and testing technology can help us to find food safety problems in time. At present, the methods for the determination of different samples are gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The operation condition is complex, the instrument is heavy and expensive, but is not suitable for the field rapid analysis and detection. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) overcomes the disadvantages of low sensitivity and can provide molecular level information with strong structural characteristics. It plays an important role in the analysis and detection of trace samples. The preparation of SERS substrate which can enhance Raman signal is an important step in the application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Gold and silver nanoparticles, among which metal nanoparticles are often used as SERS enhancement substrates due to their inherent surface plasmon resonance effect. Adding a certain amount of protective agent in the process of preparation of nanoparticles can effectively prevent the agglomeration of nanoparticles and improve the stability of nanoparticles. In this paper, Raman spectroscopy was applied to the detection of food safety. The determination of carmine in tea drink, o-benzoyl sulfonimide in winter jujube and ethyl maltol in edible oil was studied in order to establish a simple and convenient method. The new method for the detection of bad food additives can further expand the scope of application of Raman spectroscopy and lay a good foundation for the development of Raman spectrum in food safety detection. The main contents and results are as follows: 1. By changing the excitation wavelength and lowering the fluorescence background signal of the sample, three red pigment carmine, rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G were determined simultaneously. It can distinguish three kinds of substances and can be determined at the same time. By introducing sodium phytate protectant to modify the prepared metal Ag nanoparticles, the method is simple, quick and stable, and the SERS with R6G as probe molecule has good enhancement performance. It can be used to detect o-benzoyl sulfonimide. 3 in winter jujube. Fe3 was introduced as the medium and functional gold nanoparticles were used to detect volatile ethyl maltol. The visual scattering spectrum was used to identify ethyl maltol in food. The method is simple and quick. The results show that the Raman spectroscopy is suitable for the detection of carmine in tea, o-benzoyl sulfonimide in winter jujube and ethyl maltol in edible oil. It shows that Raman spectroscopy as a fast, non-destructive and safe detection technology has a certain application prospect and market potential in food safety detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TS202.3;O657.37

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