本文選題：魔芋葡甘聚糖 + 多巴胺��； 參考：《西南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化的快速推進(jìn),水污染問(wèn)題,尤其是水的重金屬離子污染日益嚴(yán)重,時(shí)刻威脅著環(huán)境安全及人類健康。研究表明飲用鉛、鎘離子含量超標(biāo)的水,會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響人類的身體健康,污染自然環(huán)境。因此,有效減少或去除水中的鉛、鎘離子顯得尤為重要。本文采用環(huán)境友好型天然高分子材料為原料,通過(guò)吸附法去除水中的鉛、鎘離子。吸附法具有操作便捷,成本低廉,去除效果好等特點(diǎn)。吸附劑作為吸附法的核心組成部分,是環(huán)境科學(xué)和材料科學(xué)研究的重點(diǎn)問(wèn)題之一。當(dāng)前,處理重金屬水污染的吸附劑有礦物吸附劑,微生物類,生物質(zhì)類吸附劑等,但由于資源短缺,二次污染等問(wèn)題,急需要尋找新型吸附劑。魔芋葡甘聚糖是一種生物質(zhì)材料,資源豐富,可再生,易降解,無(wú)毒性,成本低廉,且富含官能團(tuán)及易改性。通過(guò)對(duì)魔芋葡甘聚糖水熱改性制備出魔芋葡甘聚糖生物碳(KGMB),對(duì)其羧甲基化及多巴胺化學(xué)修飾改性制備出多巴胺修飾的羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖微球(CMKGM-PDA)吸附材料。通過(guò)重金屬離子靜態(tài)吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)及常規(guī)材料表征手段系統(tǒng)的研究了兩種吸附材料對(duì)鉛、鎘的靜態(tài)吸附行為;通過(guò)吸附脫附實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)地研究了這兩種吸附劑的循環(huán)再利用性能。結(jié)合傅立葉紅外光譜儀(FT-IR)、熱重分析儀(TG)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、X射線色散能譜(EDX)及X射線光電子能譜(XPS)等表征技術(shù)對(duì)兩種吸附劑的鉛、鎘吸附行為及機(jī)理進(jìn)行了分析探討,為拓展兩種吸附材料的應(yīng)用范圍提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。結(jié)果表明:1.KGMB對(duì)鉛、鎘的吸附特性:當(dāng)反應(yīng)溫度為25℃,吸附質(zhì)濃度為50mg/g,pH為5.7,吸附劑量為5 mg,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為24 h的條件下,KGMB吸附鉛離子的最大容量為202.84 mg/g,吸附鎘離子的最大吸附容量為137.55 mg/g。吸附過(guò)程均符合Langmuir模型,動(dòng)力學(xué)均符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。溫度在298.15到338.15 K之間,吸附過(guò)程屬于自發(fā)、放熱反應(yīng)。在吸附劑再生實(shí)驗(yàn)中,經(jīng)過(guò)三次吸附-解吸附的循環(huán)后,鉛離子吸附量依然達(dá)69.34 mg/g,鎘離子吸附量也能達(dá)71.06 mg/g。2.通過(guò)TG分析知KGMB的熱穩(wěn)定性較改性前有所提高;通過(guò)等電點(diǎn)測(cè)試可知,當(dāng)pH2.3時(shí),KGMB表面呈負(fù)電性,有利于金屬離子的吸附;利用FT-IR,SEM-EDX及XPS探究KGMB吸附鉛、鎘離子的機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明,Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)與KGMB上-O H中氫離子發(fā)生離子交換,與氧發(fā)生靜電吸引。3.CMKGM-PDA對(duì)鉛離子的吸附特性:當(dāng)pH為6.0,鉛離子濃度為50mg/g,吸附劑量為25 mg,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為24 h的條件下,CMKGM-PDA在反應(yīng)溫度為25℃時(shí)吸附鉛的容量為75.19 mg/g,在反應(yīng)溫度為45℃時(shí)吸附鉛的容量為153.37 mg/g;吸附過(guò)程符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型及Langmuir模型,反應(yīng)溫度為25℃時(shí),擬合最大鉛吸附量為95.2 mg/g,吸附鉛的量隨著溫度的增大而增大。溫度在288到318 K之間,吸附過(guò)程是熵增的過(guò)程,屬于自發(fā)、吸熱反應(yīng)。在吸附劑再生實(shí)驗(yàn)中,當(dāng)溶液濃度為18 mg/g時(shí),經(jīng)過(guò)五次循環(huán)利用后,鉛離子吸附量仍然可以達(dá)到27.5 mg/g。4.通過(guò)TG分析知CMKGM-PDA的熱穩(wěn)定性較改性前有所提高;通過(guò)等電點(diǎn)測(cè)試可知,當(dāng)pH3.65時(shí),CMKGM-PDA表面帶負(fù)電,有利于金屬離子的吸附;通過(guò)FT-IR,SEM-EDX及XPS探究CMKGM-PDA吸附鉛的機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)pH3.65時(shí),吸附鉛主要以鉛與-NH2的螯合作用;當(dāng)pH3.65時(shí),吸附鉛主要以鉛與-OH中氧的螯合作用。5.CMKGM-PDA對(duì)鎘的吸附研究表明:當(dāng)鎘離子濃度為50 mg/g,pH為6.0,吸附劑量為25 mg,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為24 h的條件下,CMKGM-PDA在反應(yīng)溫度為25℃時(shí)吸附鎘的容量為21.5 mg/g。吸附過(guò)程符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型及Langmuir模型,反應(yīng)溫度為15℃時(shí),擬合最大鎘吸附量為18.18 mg/g,反應(yīng)溫度為45℃時(shí),擬合最大鎘吸附量為50.51 mg/g,吸附鎘的量隨著溫度的增大而增大。溫度在288到308 K之間,屬于自發(fā)、放熱反應(yīng)。在吸附劑再生實(shí)驗(yàn)中,當(dāng)溶液濃度為50 mg/g時(shí),經(jīng)過(guò)五次循環(huán)利用后,鎘離子吸附量仍然可以達(dá)到17.2 mg/g。6.通過(guò)TG分析知CMKGM-PDA的熱穩(wěn)定性較改性前有所提高;通過(guò)等電點(diǎn)測(cè)試可知,當(dāng)pH3.65時(shí),CMKGM-PDA表面帶負(fù)電,有利于金屬離子的吸附;通過(guò)FT-IR,SEM-EDX及XPS探究CMKGM-PDA吸附鎘的機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)pH3.65時(shí),吸附鎘主要以鎘與-OH中氧的螯合作用;當(dāng)pH3.65時(shí),吸附鎘主要以鎘與-N-H和-OH的螯合作用。以魔芋葡甘聚糖為基礎(chǔ)材料,經(jīng)過(guò)改性后得到的兩種吸附材料KGMB和CMKGM-PDA對(duì)水中鉛鎘離子的去除有較好的效果,在處理鉛鎘污水領(lǐng)域有一定的應(yīng)用潛力。
[Abstract]:With the rapid progress of industrialization, water pollution, especially heavy metal ion pollution in water, is becoming more and more serious, threatening environmental safety and human health. The research shows that drinking lead and cadmium ion content can seriously affect human health and pollution of natural environment. Therefore, it can effectively reduce or remove lead and cadmium ions in water. In this paper, the environment friendly natural polymer materials are used as raw materials to remove lead and cadmium ions in water by adsorption. The adsorption method has the characteristics of convenient operation, low cost and good removal effect. As one of the key components of adsorption method, adsorbents are one of the key problems in Environmental Science and material science. The adsorbents for water pollution of heavy metals include mineral sorbents, microbes, and biomass sorbents, but due to the shortage of resources and the two pollution problems, it is urgent to find new adsorbents. The konjac glucomannan is a kind of biomass material, which is rich in resources, renewable, easy to be degraded, non-toxic, low cost, and rich in functional group and easily modifier. Konjac glucomannan bio carbon (KGMB) was prepared by hydrothermal modification of konjac glucomannan. Carboxymethyl and dopamine modified konjac glucomannan microspheres (CMKGM-PDA) adsorbents were prepared by carboxymethylation and dopamine modification. By static adsorption experiments of heavy metal ions and conventional material characterization, two of the adsorption materials were studied. The adsorption behavior of Pb and Cd on the adsorbents was investigated. The cyclic reutilization properties of the two kinds of adsorbents were studied by adsorption and desorption experiments. The two kinds of absorption techniques, such as the Fu Liye infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), the thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the X ray dispersive energy spectrum (EDX) and the X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were studied. The adsorption behavior and mechanism of lead and cadmium were analyzed and discussed to provide a theoretical basis for expanding the application range of two kinds of adsorbents. The results showed that 1.KGMB adsorbed lead and cadmium on the adsorption properties of lead and cadmium: when the reaction temperature was 25, the concentration of adsorbate was 50mg/g, pH was 5.7, the adsorption dose was 5 mg, and the reaction time was 24 h, KGMB adsorbed lead The maximum capacity of the ion is 202.84 mg/g, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbed cadmium ion is 137.55 mg/g. and the adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir model, and the kinetics conform to the quasi two kinetic model. The temperature is between 298.15 and 338.15 K. The adsorption process belongs to the spontaneous and exothermic reaction. In the adsorbent regeneration experiment, the adsorption desorption is followed by three sorbents. After the ring, the adsorption amount of lead ion still reaches 69.34 mg/g, and the adsorption amount of cadmium ion can reach 71.06 mg/g.2.. The thermal stability of KGMB is improved by TG analysis. Through isoelectric point test, it is found that when pH2.3, the surface of KGMB is negative, and is beneficial to the adsorption of metal ions; FT-IR, SEM-EDX and XPS explore KGMB to adsorb lead and cadmium ions by KGMB. The results show that Pb (II) and Cd (II) and the hydrogen ions in -O H on KGMB are exchanged with hydrogen ions, and the adsorption properties of.3.CMKGM-PDA to lead ions are attracted by the electrostatic precipitation with oxygen. When pH is 6, the concentration of lead ion is 50mg/g, the adsorption dose is 25 Mg, and the reaction time is 24 h, the capacity of the adsorbed lead at the reaction temperature of 25 is 75.19 m. G/g, the adsorption capacity of lead at 45 C is 153.37 mg/g; the adsorption process conforms to the quasi two stage kinetic model and the Langmuir model. The maximum lead adsorption amount is 95.2 mg/g when the reaction temperature is 25, and the amount of the adsorbed lead increases with the increase of temperature. The temperature is from 288 to 318 K, and the adsorption process is the process of entropy increasing. In the experiment of adsorbent regeneration, when the concentration of the solution is 18 mg/g, after five cycles of recycling, the adsorption amount of lead ion can still reach 27.5 mg/g.4. by TG analysis. It is known that the thermal stability of CMKGM-PDA is higher than that before the modification. By isoelectric point test, when pH3.65, the CMKGM-PDA surface is negatively charged to the metal. The adsorption of ions by FT-IR, SEM-EDX and XPS is used to explore the mechanism of CMKGM-PDA adsorption of lead. The results show that when pH3.65, the adsorption lead is mainly the chelation of lead and -NH2; when pH3.65, the adsorption lead is mainly based on the chelation of lead and oxygen in -OH, the adsorption of cadmium is clear: the concentration of cadmium ion is 50 mg/g, pH is 6, adsorption dose is 25 mg, the reaction time is 24 h, the adsorption capacity of CMKGM-PDA at the reaction temperature of 25 C is 21.5 mg/g. adsorption process conforms to the quasi two class kinetic model and Langmuir model. When the reaction temperature is 15, the maximum cadmium adsorption capacity is 18.18 mg/g and the reaction temperature is 45 C, the maximum cadmium adsorption capacity is 50.51 mg/g, and cadmium adsorbed cadmium. The temperature increases with the increase of temperature. The temperature is between 288 and 308 K, which belongs to spontaneous and exothermic reaction. In the experiment of adsorbent regeneration, when the concentration of the solution is 50 mg/g, after five recycling, the adsorption amount of cadmium ion can still reach 17.2 mg/g.6. by TG analysis, and it is known that the thermal stability of CMKGM-PDA is improved before the modification; through so on, The electrical point test shows that when pH3.65, the CMKGM-PDA surface is negatively charged to the adsorption of metal ions, and the mechanism of adsorption of cadmium by CMKGM-PDA is explored through FT-IR, SEM-EDX and XPS. The results show that when pH3.65, the adsorption cadmium is mainly the chelation of cadmium and oxygen in -OH; when pH3.65, the adsorption of cadmium mainly on the chelation of cadmium and -N-H and -OH. Two kinds of adsorbents, KGMB and CMKGM-PDA, have good effect on the removal of lead and cadmium ions in water, and there are some potential applications in the field of treatment of lead and cadmium sewage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O647.3

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