本文選題：常壓干燥 + 塊狀　； 參考：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：二氧化硅氣凝膠的獨(dú)特且優(yōu)越的性能使得科研工作者們進(jìn)行了廣泛且深入的研究,特別是在如何使用簡(jiǎn)便且有效的方法制備出塊狀的氣凝膠方面,做了許多研究工作。本論文在前人的工作基礎(chǔ)上,使用了常壓干燥的方式,進(jìn)行了些許改進(jìn)和延伸工作,其主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下三個(gè)方面所示;(1)采用共硅源的方式,溶膠-凝膠法制備出含有氨基的濕凝膠,通過(guò)三種不同種類的二異氰酸酯對(duì)濕凝膠進(jìn)行交聯(lián),選用常壓條件下干燥的方式。在制備過(guò)程中,通過(guò)控制氨基的引入量,使得交聯(lián)過(guò)后的硅基氣凝膠仍然含有大量的氨基基團(tuán),而氨基將會(huì)對(duì)吸附廢水中的Pb~(2+)起到促進(jìn)作用。在制備過(guò)程中無(wú)需復(fù)雜且冗長(zhǎng)的溶劑交換和表面改性的過(guò)程,制備周期較短,通過(guò)對(duì)引入的化學(xué)基團(tuán)的控制使得其作為吸附材料有著較好的吸附效果。(2)異氰酸酯和氨基形成的聚合物和在溶膠-凝膠過(guò)程中添加的陰離子表面活性劑SDS起到了雙模板的作用,選用常壓的干燥方式制備出具有較為均勻孔徑的塊狀二氧化硅氣凝膠。添加一定濃度的陰離子表面活性劑(SDS)與氨基基團(tuán)的靜電吸引作用能夠形成膠束,從而能夠在溶膠-凝膠的過(guò)程中有效地占據(jù)孔洞位置,并通過(guò)使用六亞甲基二異氰酸酯在濕凝膠骨架外層形成一層均勻的聚合物模板來(lái)對(duì)骨架強(qiáng)度增強(qiáng)。通過(guò)高溫煅燒,同時(shí)移除表面活性劑模板和聚合物模板,從而得到具有均勻孔洞結(jié)構(gòu)的塊狀硅基氣凝膠,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的模擬吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)證明其作為吸附材料對(duì)廢水中的Pb~(2+)有著較好的吸附效果。(3)在常壓的條件下,采用聚合物分解和用硅氧烷對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的甲醛-苯酚有機(jī)氣凝膠進(jìn)行復(fù)合這倆種方法,在常壓條件下制備出了塊狀的硅炭復(fù)合氣凝膠,然后對(duì)這倆種不同的硅炭復(fù)合氣凝膠做了較為詳盡的表征和分析,其性能同單一的塊狀硅基氣凝膠相比較而言有著較大的提高。同時(shí),對(duì)倆種不同的方法制備的硅炭復(fù)合氣凝膠進(jìn)行模擬吸附含有Pb~(2+)廢水的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,制備的硅炭復(fù)合氣凝膠有著較好的吸附效果。
[Abstract]:Because of the unique and superior properties of silica aerogels, researchers have carried out extensive and in-depth research, especially in the preparation of bulk aerogels using simple and effective methods, which have done a lot of research work. On the basis of the previous work, this paper uses the atmospheric pressure drying method to do some improvement and extension work. The main research contents are as follows: 1) the common silicon source is adopted. The wet gel containing amino group was prepared by sol-gel method. The wet gel was crosslinked by three kinds of diisocyanate and dried under normal pressure. In the preparation process, by controlling the amount of amino introduced, the cross-linked silicon-based aerogels still contain a large number of amino groups, and amino groups will promote the adsorption of Pb~(2 in wastewater. There is no need for complex and lengthy processes of solvent exchange and surface modification in the preparation process, and the preparation period is relatively short. By controlling the chemical groups introduced, the isocyanate and amino polymers and the anionic surfactant SDS added in the sol-gel process act as double templates for the adsorption of isocyanate and amino groups. Bulk silica aerogels with uniform pore size were prepared by atmospheric pressure drying. Adding a certain concentration of anionic surfactant (SDS) to the electrostatic attraction of the amino group can form a micelle, which can effectively occupy the pore position in the sol-gel process. By using hexamethylene diisocyanate to form a uniform polymer template in the outer layer of the wet gel framework, the skeleton strength was enhanced. The bulk silicon-based aerogels with uniform pore structure were obtained by calcining at high temperature and removing both surfactant and polymer templates at the same time. The simulated adsorption experiments in the laboratory show that the adsorbed material has a better adsorption effect on Pb~(2 in waste water under atmospheric pressure. Bulk silicon-carbon aerogels were prepared under atmospheric pressure by polymer decomposition and siloxane compounding of traditional formaldehyde-phenol aerogels. Then the two different silicon-carbon composite aerogels were characterized and analyzed in detail, and their properties were greatly improved compared with the single bulk silicon-based aerogels. At the same time, the simulated adsorption of silica / carbon aerogels containing Pb~(2) showed that the silica / carbon composite aerogels had a good adsorption effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703;TQ427.26;O647.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 T. S. Anirudhan;S. S. Sreekumari;;Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from industrial effluents using activated carbon derived from waste coconut buttons[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2011年12期

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本文編號(hào)：1983620