鄰位異腈基和腈基的芳基叔膦化合物的反應(yīng)性能研究
本文選題:苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯 + λ5-磷雜萘。 參考:《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年博士論文
【摘要】:P-C鍵選擇性切斷的研究主要集中在磷雜環(huán)戊二烯衍生物上,對(duì)于開環(huán)的芳基叔膦化合物的研究較少。本論文以此為出發(fā)點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)并合成了鄰位異腈基和腈基的芳基叔膦化合物。通過研究其反應(yīng)性能,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了多個(gè)基于鄰位異腈基和腈基的芳基叔膦化合物分子內(nèi)的新環(huán)化反應(yīng),其中主要是發(fā)展了1,2-和1,3-氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯和λ5-磷雜苯衍生物的新合成方法,具體分為以下四個(gè)章節(jié)進(jìn)行闡述。第一章主要概述1,2-和1,3-氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯及其衍生物的電子屬性、結(jié)構(gòu)特征、合成方法、反應(yīng)性能及其應(yīng)用。第二章主要研究一類易于制備的鄰-(二芳基膦)芳香異腈的豐富多彩的反應(yīng)性能。異腈官能團(tuán)具有特殊的化學(xué)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)和特有的反應(yīng)性能,在合成化學(xué)和配位化學(xué)有著巨大的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。將其引入三苯基膦類化合物骨架中,合成鄰-(二芳基膦)芳香異腈類化合物還從未被報(bào)道過。從合成的角度考慮,鄰-(二芳基膦)芳香異腈被金屬鋰選擇性切斷P-C鍵發(fā)生分子內(nèi)關(guān)環(huán)反應(yīng),形成1,3-苯并氮雜磷環(huán)戊二烯負(fù)離子被發(fā)現(xiàn)。為研究這類負(fù)離子化合物的反應(yīng)活性,分別加入不同的親電試劑RX(芐溴和碘甲烷)可以合成3H-1,3-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯。當(dāng)苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯負(fù)離子質(zhì)子化時(shí),重要的λ3σ2-P 1H-1,3-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯被制備。據(jù)此,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一類P-C鍵被堿金屬選擇性切斷的新化合物,同時(shí)也發(fā)展了一種新穎簡(jiǎn)單的合成1H和3H-1,3-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯的新方法(Scheme1)。另外,為深入研究鄰位異腈基的芳基叔膦化合物的化學(xué)反應(yīng)性能,我們又考察分子內(nèi)磷葉立德進(jìn)攻異腈基發(fā)生的環(huán)化反應(yīng),同時(shí)合成了一類λ5-1,4-苯并氮磷雜六元環(huán)新化合物(Scheme 2)。從配位化學(xué)角度考慮,鄰-(二芳基膦)芳香異腈是一類新型的雙齒配體。為研究其配位性能,我們利用鄰-(二芳基膦)芳香異腈與四氫噻吩氯化金反應(yīng)得到了雙配位的金配合物,但與氯化鈀反應(yīng)卻合成了稀少的鈀-卡賓配合物。更令人意外的是,鄰-(二芳基膦)芳香異腈在氯化鎳的作用下自身關(guān)環(huán)形成一類稠環(huán)的苯并氮磷雜六元環(huán)新化合物(Scheme 3)?梢,鄰-(二芳基膦)芳香異腈的配位性能也表現(xiàn)出豐富多彩性。第三章主要介紹一類由簡(jiǎn)單易得的鄰-(二苯基膦)芳香腈合成1,2-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯的新方法。在金屬鋰的作用下,鄰-(二苯基膦)芳香腈中P-C鍵被選擇性切斷后,發(fā)生分子內(nèi)關(guān)環(huán)反應(yīng),從而合成了1,2-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯負(fù)離子。這類負(fù)離子化合物磷化學(xué)位移在165 ppm左右,根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道這種處于如此低場(chǎng)磷化學(xué)位移的負(fù)離子是很少見的。由于其化學(xué)活性較高,我們不能分離純化這類1,2-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯負(fù)離子,但是通過親電試劑(芐溴、溴丙烷和1,2-二溴乙烷)進(jìn)行捕捉,從而合成了極少報(bào)道的1,2-氮磷雜吲哚類化合物,即2H-1,2-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯。另外,根據(jù)理論計(jì)算預(yù)測(cè),1,2-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯負(fù)離子質(zhì)子化反應(yīng)會(huì)發(fā)生在氮原子上,且得到的1H-1,2-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯既是一類平面結(jié)構(gòu),也是一類10π的芳香體系。實(shí)驗(yàn)中通過1,2-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯負(fù)離子與水的反應(yīng),我們檢測(cè)到1H-1,2-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯的生成(31P NMR 157 ppm)。由于其反應(yīng)活性較高,通過與N-苯基馬來(lái)酰胺發(fā)生[4+2]環(huán)加成反應(yīng)進(jìn)行捕捉再硫化,從而合成了氮磷雜降冰片烯硫化物,且通過單晶結(jié)構(gòu)得以表征。至此,通過P-C鍵選擇性切斷的策略,我們探索并開發(fā)了一類新穎簡(jiǎn)單的由鄰位腈基的芳基叔膦化合物合成1H和2H-1,2-苯并氮磷雜環(huán)戊二烯的新方法(Scheme 4)。第四章主要研究一類新穎簡(jiǎn)單的合成稠環(huán)λ5-磷雜萘的新方法。λ3σ2-磷雜苯之所以被稱為“化學(xué)奇物”,主要是因?yàn)榱纂s苯及其衍生物作為膦配體在金屬催化的烯烴的氫甲酰化反應(yīng)中表現(xiàn)出良好的性能以及其在功能分子材料方面潛在的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。目前,λ3-磷雜苯的研究日趨完善和成熟。相對(duì)而言,λ5-磷雜苯及其衍生物的研究才剛剛起步,目前的合成方法較少,且存在很大的局限性。利用磷原子與缺電子炔烴的親核反應(yīng),成功設(shè)計(jì)了分子內(nèi)兩性離子中間體進(jìn)攻腈基發(fā)生關(guān)環(huán)的反應(yīng),從而合成了λ5-磷雜苯衍生物(即稠環(huán)的λ5-磷雜萘)(Scheme 5)。該合成方法具有新穎簡(jiǎn)單、反應(yīng)條件溫和、底物適用性好以及原子高效性等特點(diǎn),代表性產(chǎn)物達(dá)17個(gè)之多。從這些制備的產(chǎn)物中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)磷原子上帶有烷基的λ5-磷雜萘在紫外燈照射下具有黃-綠色熒光現(xiàn)象,而磷原子上帶有芳基的λ5-磷雜萘卻沒有這種現(xiàn)象。于是,初步研究了部分代表性產(chǎn)物的紫外吸收和熒光光譜性質(zhì)。除此之外,磷原子上帶有兩個(gè)叔丁基的λ5-磷雜萘在高溫下能夠裂解轉(zhuǎn)化為芳香性的λ3-磷雜萘。這類含有λ3σ2P=C鍵的磷雜環(huán)具有較高的反應(yīng)活性,限制了其分離純化。但是,通過與2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯[4+2]環(huán)加成反應(yīng)進(jìn)行捕捉后再硫化,分離純化的產(chǎn)物通過單晶結(jié)構(gòu)表征證實(shí)了λ3-磷雜萘的生成。
[Abstract]:The selective cutting of P-C bonds is mainly focused on the derivatives of phosphorus heteropentadiene, and there are few studies on the open TERT phosphine compounds. In this paper, we designed and synthesized the aryl TERT phosphine compounds of the adjacent ISO nitrile and nitrile based compounds. By studying their reaction properties, we found a number of adjacent ISO nitriles and nitriles. New cyclization reactions within the base of aryl TERT phosphine compounds, including the development of new synthesis methods for 1,2- and 1,3- nitrogenous cyclopentadiene and lambda 5- phosphonium derivatives, are described in the following four chapters. The first chapter mainly outlines the electronic properties, structural characteristics, and properties of 1,2- and 1,3- nitrogen and phosphorus heterocyclic dioprene and its derivatives. The second chapter mainly studies the rich and colorful reaction properties of a class of easy prepared ortho (two aryl phosphine) aromatic nitriles. ISO functional groups have special chemical bond structure and specific reaction properties, and have great application value in synthetic chemistry and coordination chemistry. They are introduced into three phenyl phosphine compounds. In the skeleton, the synthesis of O (two aryl phosphine) aromatic heteronitrile compounds has never been reported. From the synthetic point of view, the adjacent (two aryl phosphine) aromatic isonitrile is selectively cut off the P-C bond by lithium metal and takes place in the intramolecular ring reaction, forming 1,3- benzo azo phosphorus cyclopentadiene negative ions and the reaction to the study of this kind of negative ion compound. 3H-1,3- benzo - N - P heterocycladiene can be synthesized with different electrophilic reagents, RX (benzyl bromide and iodide). When the negative ion protonation of benzo - N - P heterocyclic dioprene, the important lambda 3 Sigma 2-P 1H-1,3- benzo - azopentadiene is prepared. Accordingly, we found a new class of compounds that are selectively cut off from the alkali metal by the alkali metal. A new and simple new method (Scheme1) for the synthesis of 1H and 3H-1,3- benzo - N - P heteropentadienes is also developed. In addition, in order to study the chemical reaction properties of the aryl TERT phosphine compounds of the adjacent ISO nitrile, we also examine the cyclization reaction of the intramolecular phosphorus leaf Lide attacking the isobutadiene, and syntheses a class of lambda 5-1,4- benzol N, P, six membered ring new compound (Scheme 2). From the point of coordination chemistry, O (two aryl phosphine) aromatic isonitrile is a new type of didentate ligand. In order to study its coordination properties, we have obtained a gold complex by the reaction of O (two aryl phosphine) aromatic isonitrile and four hydrogen thiophene, but the reaction with palladium chloride is rare. Less palladium - CABBEEN complexes. It is more surprising that the adjacent - (two aryl phosphine) aromatic isonitrile forms a new class of polycyclic benzo - azo phosphorous six membered ring compounds (Scheme 3) under the action of nickel chloride. The coordination properties of the adjacent - (two aryl phosphine) aromatic isonitrile are also colorful. The third chapter mainly introduces a class of simple compounds. A new method for the synthesis of 1,2- benzo - N - P heteropentadiene by easy - to - (two phenyl phosphine) aromatic nitrile. Under the action of lithium metal, the P-C bond in the adjacent - (two phenyl phosphine) aromatic nitrile is selectively cut off, and the internal ring reaction occurs, and the negative ion of 1,2- phthalazoniopentyl two ene is synthesized. The phosphorus chemical shift of this kind of negative ion compound is 165 Ppm, according to the literature, it is reported that the negative ions in such a low field phosphorus chemical shift are rare. Because of their high chemical activity, we can not separate and purify this kind of 1,2- benzoate and phosphorus heteropentadiene negative ions, but they have been captured by the electrophilic reagents (benzyl bromide, brominopropane and 1,2- two bromo ethane), resulting in a rare report of 1. 2- nitrogen and phosphorus heterocyclic compounds, namely 2H-1,2- benzo nitrogen and phosphorus heteropentadiene. In addition, according to theoretical calculation, the negative ion protonation of 1,2- benzo azopeniopentadiene will occur on nitrogen atoms, and the obtained 1H-1,2- benzo azopentadiene is not only a class of planar structure but also a class of 10 PI aromatic systems. The reaction of 1,2- benzo - N - P heteropentadiene anion with water, we detected the formation of 1H-1,2- benzo - azopallopentadiene (31P NMR 157 ppm). Because of its high reactive activity, it was captured and revulcanized by the [4+2] ring addition reaction with N- phenyl maleamide, thus synthesizing the nitrogen and phosphorus complex borneol sulfides and through single crystal. The structure is characterized. At this point, we have explored and developed a new and simple new method for the synthesis of 1H and 2H-1,2- benzo azopentadiene (Scheme 4) from the aromatic TERT phosphine compounds from the adjacent nitrile base (Scheme 4). In Chapter fourth, a new method of synthesis of a new simple synthesis of thick ring lambda 5- phosphonadiene was studied. [1] 3 The reason that sigma 2- phosphorous benzene is called "chemical strange" is mainly due to the good performance of phosphine and its derivatives as phosphine ligands in the hydroformylation of metal catalyzed olefin and its potential application value in functional molecular materials. At present, the study of lambda 3- phenyle is becoming more and more perfect and mature. The study of lambda 5- phosphonyl benzene and its derivatives has just started. There are few synthetic methods and great limitations. Using the nucleophilic reaction of phosphorous atoms with the electron deficient alkynes, the reaction of the intramolecular amphoteric ion intermediate attacking the nitrile ring is successfully designed, and thus the lambda 5- phosphonide derivative (the lambda 5- phosphorous compound of the thick ring) is formed. Naphthalene) (Scheme 5). The synthesis method has the characteristics of novel and simple, mild reaction conditions, good substrate applicability and atomic efficiency, and more than 17 representative products. From these products, we found that the lambda 5- phosphor naphthalene with alkyl alkyl on the phosphorous atom has yellow green fluorescence under ultraviolet light, while the phosphorus atom is on the phosphorus atom. The aryl lambda 5- phosphor naphthalene has no such phenomenon. Therefore, the UV absorption and fluorescence spectra of some representative products are preliminarily studied. In addition, the two tert butyl lambda 5- phosphor naphthalene can be cracked and converted into aromatic lambda 3- phosphine naphthalene at high temperature. This kind of heterocyclic ring containing lambda 3 Sigma 2P=C bonds has a higher inverse. The separation and purification of 2,3- two methyl -1,3- butadiene [4+2] ring was reacted and revulcanized. The product of the separation and purification confirmed the formation of lambda 3- phosphine naphthalene by the single crystal structure characterization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:O627.51
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