本文選題：胎牛血清 + 殼聚糖��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：硒是人體生理活動(dòng)過(guò)程中非常重要的微量元素,體內(nèi)缺硒以及攝入過(guò)量的硒均會(huì)導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)的病癥。世界上有很多地區(qū)缺硒,我國(guó)也屬于非常缺乏硒元素的地區(qū)之一,研究和發(fā)展補(bǔ)硒類型的保健食物刻不容緩。硒納米顆粒(SeNPs)屬于納米級(jí)的單質(zhì)硒,其不僅具有補(bǔ)硒效應(yīng),還具有較高的生物活性以及較低的生物毒性,食用安全性得到比較有效的改良,因此在食品領(lǐng)域得到比較廣泛的應(yīng)用。本文選用解淀粉芽孢桿菌為實(shí)驗(yàn)菌種,利用其對(duì)高價(jià)態(tài)硒(亞硒酸鈉)的還原作用,將SeO32-還原成單質(zhì)Se0,制備膠體狀硒納米顆粒。本文探究了胞外聚合物(EPS)在合成硒納米顆粒過(guò)程中所起的作用,EPS是含有蛋白質(zhì)成分的復(fù)雜有機(jī)層,它在硒納米顆粒的還原過(guò)程中起重要作用,且硒納米顆粒被EPS包裹有助于它的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定。本論文探討了反應(yīng)時(shí)間、溫度、pH、菌液初始濃度、搖床轉(zhuǎn)速、裝液量等對(duì)硒納米顆粒轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響,并尋找最佳反應(yīng)條件。然而當(dāng)前生物法制備硒納米顆粒轉(zhuǎn)化率較低、穩(wěn)定性較差,因此我們?cè)噲D尋找一種方法來(lái)提高解淀粉芽孢桿菌EPS中蛋白質(zhì)及其他官能團(tuán)的性質(zhì),進(jìn)而提高硒納米顆粒的轉(zhuǎn)化率。本研究中分別使用胎牛血清(FBS)和殼聚糖(chitosan)作為添加劑,用來(lái)促進(jìn)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),提高生物酶活性,進(jìn)而達(dá)到加快反應(yīng)速度,提高硒納米顆粒轉(zhuǎn)化率,提高顆粒分散穩(wěn)定性,優(yōu)化制備的硒納米顆粒性狀的目的。本論文還探究了添加劑胎牛血清或者殼聚糖對(duì)解淀粉芽孢桿菌EPS組分及結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。FT-IR光譜和XPS光譜證明添加胎牛血清或者殼聚糖后,EPS中蛋白質(zhì)和碳水化合物及其它官能團(tuán)都有一定程度的增加,部分官能團(tuán)的結(jié)構(gòu)也產(chǎn)生一定的變化,這將促進(jìn)細(xì)胞活性,進(jìn)而提高氧化還原反應(yīng)的速度以及硒納米顆粒的轉(zhuǎn)化效率。XRD和EDX分析表明,胎牛血清或者殼聚糖的添加,使硒納米顆粒不僅在數(shù)量上有一定程度的增加,還具有更高的結(jié)晶度,以及更穩(wěn)定的性質(zhì),這表明胎牛血清或者殼聚糖的添加可以優(yōu)化硒納米顆粒的性狀。此外,ζ-電位分析表明,添加了胎牛血清或者殼聚糖之后,生成的硒納米顆粒具有更高的ζ-電位和等電點(diǎn),使硒納米顆粒具有更高的分散穩(wěn)定性,有利于硒納米顆粒的長(zhǎng)期儲(chǔ)存。
[Abstract]:Selenium is a very important trace element in the physiological process of human body. There are many regions in the world that lack selenium, and our country is also one of the regions with very lack of selenium, so it is urgent to study and develop the type of health food supplemented with selenium. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) is a kind of selenium, which not only has the effect of selenium supplementation, but also has higher biological activity and lower biotoxicity, so the edible safety is improved effectively. Therefore, it is widely used in the field of food. In this paper, Bacillus amylolyticus was selected as the experimental strain, and the colloidal selenium nanoparticles were prepared by reducing the high valence selenium (sodium selenite) to single substance Se0. In this paper, the role of extracellular polymer EPS in the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles is investigated. EPS is a complex organic layer containing protein, which plays an important role in the reduction of selenium nanoparticles. And the EPS encapsulation of selenium nanoparticles contributes to its long-term stability. In this paper, the effects of reaction time, temperature and pH, the initial concentration of bacteria solution, the rotating speed of shaking bed and the amount of liquid filled on the conversion rate of selenium nanoparticles were discussed, and the optimum reaction conditions were found. However, the conversion rate of selenium nanoparticles prepared by biological method is low and the stability is poor. So we try to find a way to improve the properties of protein and other functional groups in Bacillus amylolyticus EPS, and then improve the conversion rate of selenium nanoparticles. In this study, fetal bovine serum FBSand chitosan were used as additives to promote cell growth, increase enzyme activity, accelerate the reaction rate, improve the conversion of selenium nanoparticles, and improve the dispersion stability of selenium nanoparticles. Objective to optimize the properties of selenium nanoparticles. The effects of additive fetal bovine serum or chitosan on the composition and structure of EPS of Bacillus amylolyticus were also investigated. FT-IR and XPS spectra showed that the protein and carbohydrate in EPS were determined by adding fetal bovine serum or chitosan. Its functional groups have increased to a certain extent, The structure of some functional groups also changed to some extent, which would promote cell activity, and then increase the reaction rate of redox reaction and the conversion efficiency of selenium nanoparticles. XRD and EDX analysis showed that the addition of fetal bovine serum or chitosan, The selenium nanoparticles not only increased in quantity, but also had higher crystallinity and more stable properties, which indicated that the addition of fetal bovine serum or chitosan could optimize the properties of selenium nanoparticles. In addition, 味 -potential analysis showed that after adding fetal bovine serum or chitosan, the resulting selenium nanoparticles had higher Zeta potential and isoelectric point, which resulted in higher dispersion stability of selenium nanoparticles, which was beneficial to the long-term storage of selenium nanoparticles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：O613.52;TB383.1

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