本文選題：熔融共混 + 相轉(zhuǎn)變�。� 參考：《東華理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著電力行業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展,電介質(zhì)電容器具有快速充放電能力和高功率密度的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而受到廣泛關(guān)注。與商用儲(chǔ)能電容器的介質(zhì)材料雙向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)相比,聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)有著更大的電位移,使其儲(chǔ)能密度得到提升,在電介質(zhì)儲(chǔ)能領(lǐng)域有著巨大的研究價(jià)值。PVDF的性能與其結(jié)構(gòu)密切相關(guān),比如晶型,故而研究PVDF的晶型轉(zhuǎn)變是非常必要的。本文主要通過熔融共混和流延的方法制備了PVDF共混物,研究了PVDF在共混物中的晶型、溫度以及取向?qū)不煳锬芰績?chǔ)存行為的影響。(1)研究了PVDF/PA6共混物的流變行為,力學(xué)行為以及在拉伸作用下PVDF在共混物中的晶型轉(zhuǎn)變。由于PA6微粒的形態(tài)和PVDF基體的相互作用,共混物熔體的彈性和粘性可以得到顯著加強(qiáng)。在低頻下,PA6含量較高時(shí),共混物展現(xiàn)出了近固態(tài)熔體行為。受到應(yīng)力集中的影響,PA6微粒的存在會(huì)降低流動(dòng)應(yīng)力,從而在機(jī)械拉伸作用下抑制α→β相的轉(zhuǎn)變。(2)研究了PVDF/PMMA共混物的結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變和溫度對(duì)共混物的能量儲(chǔ)存行為的影響。共混物隨著PMMA含量的增加,其熔點(diǎn)、結(jié)晶溫度和結(jié)晶度都是下降的;PMMA的加入有利于共混物中α→β相的轉(zhuǎn)變,當(dāng)PMMA含量達(dá)到30wt%時(shí),共混物中β相占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。隨著共混物中PMMA含量的增加,共混物β相的相對(duì)含量也是增加的,介電常數(shù)、儲(chǔ)能密度卻是是減小的。隨著溫度的升高,共混物的介電常數(shù)和儲(chǔ)能密度都是增加的,其能量效率是減小的。(3)研究了取向?qū)VDF/PMMA共混物結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變和能量儲(chǔ)存行為的影響。取向?qū)τ诠不煳锏慕Y(jié)晶度有一定的提高,并且對(duì)于PVDFβ相形成有促進(jìn)作用。PMMA含量在30wt%時(shí),β相相對(duì)含量達(dá)到90%以上。由于取向?qū)τ诠不煳锏目傆行紭O矩影響不大,其介電常數(shù)與未取向共混物相差無幾;但是取向?qū)τ诠不煳锏膿舸⿵?qiáng)度由150MV/m提高至200MV/m,從而極化強(qiáng)度增加,儲(chǔ)能密度增加。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of power industry, dielectric capacitors have been paid more and more attention because of their rapid charge-discharge capacity and high power density. Compared with commercial dielectric materials such as biaxial tensile polypropylene (BOPP), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) has a larger electric displacement, which increases its energy storage density. PVDF has great research value in the field of dielectric energy storage. The properties of PVDF are closely related to its structure, such as crystal form, so it is very necessary to study the crystal transformation of PVDF. In this paper, PVDF blends were prepared by melt blending method. The effects of crystal type, temperature and orientation of PVDF on the energy storage behavior of PVDF/PA6 blends were studied. The rheological behavior of PVDF/PA6 blends was studied. Mechanical behavior and crystalline transformation of PVDF in blends under tensile action. Because of the interaction between the morphology of PA6 particles and the PVDF matrix, the elasticity and viscosity of the blend melt can be significantly strengthened. When the content of PA6 was high at low frequency, the blend exhibited near solid melt behavior. Under the influence of stress concentration, the presence of PA6 particles can reduce the flow stress, and thus inhibit the 偽-尾 phase transition under mechanical tension.) the structural transformation of PVDF/PMMA blends and the effect of temperature on the energy storage behavior of the blends were studied. With the increase of PMMA content, the melting point, crystallization temperature and crystallinity of the blends are all decreased, and the addition of PMA is favorable to the transformation of 偽-尾 phase in the blends. When the content of PMMA reaches 30 wt%, the 尾 phase occupies the dominant position in the blends. With the increase of PMMA content in the blends, the relative content of 尾 phase increases, but the dielectric constant and energy storage density decrease. With the increase of temperature, the dielectric constant and energy storage density of PVDF/PMMA blends increased, and their energy efficiency was reduced. The effect of orientation on the structural transformation and energy storage behavior of PVDF/PMMA blends was studied. The orientation increased the crystallinity of the blend to some extent, and promoted the formation of PVDF 尾 phase. When the content of PMMA was 30 wt%, the relative content of 尾 phase was more than 90%. Because the orientation has little effect on the total effective dipole moment of the blends, the dielectric constant of the blends is similar to that of the non-oriented blends, but the breakdown strength of the oriented blends increases from 150MV/m to 200MV / m, thus the polarization strength increases and the energy storage density increases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O632.21;TB332

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