本文選題：氮摻雜石墨烯量子點(diǎn)　切入點(diǎn)：納米傳感器　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),由于獨(dú)特的電學(xué)光學(xué)性質(zhì),以碳為基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)光納米材料得到了廣泛的研究。石墨烯量子點(diǎn),做為一種新型碳納米材料,具有好的光學(xué)穩(wěn)定性、豐富的表面修飾、大的比表面積、低毒、高的生物相容性、以及獨(dú)特的電子躍遷能力等特點(diǎn)。將氮原子引入到石墨烯量子點(diǎn)可以提高量子產(chǎn)率,改變能帶間隙,改善電學(xué)、化學(xué)、光學(xué)性質(zhì),擴(kuò)大其在熒光傳感器以及電化學(xué)傳感器方面的應(yīng)用范圍。本論文主要闡述了基于氮摻雜的石墨烯量子點(diǎn),Na2SO3、苦味酸熒光傳感器的構(gòu)建,新型硝基苯胺電致化學(xué)發(fā)光傳感器的研究,以及大腸桿菌O157:H7表面印跡膜電致化學(xué)傳感器的制備與應(yīng)用。主要包括以下五個(gè)部分:在論文第一章中,我們主要介紹了石墨烯量子點(diǎn)的制備方法和光學(xué)性質(zhì),以及氮摻雜石墨烯量子點(diǎn)的發(fā)展應(yīng)用等方面的內(nèi)容,并對(duì)本論文的研究意義和主要工作進(jìn)行了闡述。在第二章中,我們?cè)诘獡诫s的石墨烯量子點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了熒光納米探針對(duì)Na2SO3進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)。由于Fe~(3+)對(duì)氮摻雜的石墨烯量子點(diǎn)猝滅性較好,選擇性較高,我們利用Fe~(3+)和SO_3~(2-)之間的氧化還原反應(yīng)構(gòu)建了熒光信號(hào)先下降后上升的檢測(cè)機(jī)制。實(shí)現(xiàn)了水中Na2SO3的靈敏性檢測(cè)。在第三章中,我們?cè)诙趸杵献越M裝了肌苷修飾的氮摻雜石墨烯量子點(diǎn)-殼聚糖固相膜,構(gòu)建了苦味酸納米傳感器。肌苷-苦味酸之間的“Jaffé”反應(yīng)使得固相膜能夠選擇性的吸附苦味酸,量子點(diǎn)-苦味酸之間的電子轉(zhuǎn)移使得固相膜的熒光信號(hào)有明顯的下降。通過(guò)熒光信號(hào)的變化我們對(duì)苦味酸進(jìn)行定量檢測(cè)。在第四章中,基于石墨烯量子點(diǎn)和殼聚糖,我們構(gòu)建了一個(gè)電致化學(xué)發(fā)光傳感器對(duì)硝基苯胺進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)。氮摻雜的石墨烯量子點(diǎn)能夠催化硝基苯胺發(fā)生重氮反應(yīng)。因此,當(dāng)硝基苯胺加入到含有無(wú)機(jī)酸和亞硝酸鈉的電解液中時(shí),重氮反應(yīng)發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生重氮自由基。重氮自由基可以使修飾在電極表面的石墨烯量子點(diǎn)的電致化學(xué)發(fā)光信號(hào)增強(qiáng)。通過(guò)體系發(fā)光信號(hào)的變化可以實(shí)現(xiàn)硝基苯胺的檢測(cè)。在第五章中,我們利用電聚合的方法在玻碳電極表面制備大腸桿菌O157:H7聚多巴胺表面印跡聚合膜,由于表面印跡膜的尺寸、形狀和大腸桿菌O157:H7的互補(bǔ)性,表面印跡膜可以選擇性的結(jié)合大腸桿菌O157:H7。同時(shí),在大腸桿菌多抗上標(biāo)記氮摻雜的石墨烯量子點(diǎn),利用大腸桿菌O157:H7和多抗之間的特異性結(jié)合可以將氮摻雜的石墨烯量子點(diǎn)連接到玻碳電極表面,從而通過(guò)檢測(cè)量子點(diǎn)的電致化學(xué)發(fā)光信號(hào)對(duì)大腸桿菌O157:H7進(jìn)行定量檢測(cè)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, carbon-based luminescent nanomaterials have been widely studied due to their unique electrical and optical properties.As a new type of carbon nanomaterials, graphene quantum dots are characterized by good optical stability, rich surface modification, large specific surface area, low toxicity, high biocompatibility and unique electronic transition ability.The introduction of nitrogen atom into graphene quantum dots can improve the quantum yield, change the energy band gap, improve the electrical, chemical and optical properties, and expand its application in fluorescent sensors and electrochemical sensors.In this paper, the construction of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot Na _ 2SO _ 3, the construction of picric acid fluorescence sensor and the study of a new type of nitrophenylamine electrochemiluminescence sensor are discussed.And the preparation and application of electrochemical sensor based on O157:H7 surface imprinted membrane of Escherichia coli.In the first chapter, we mainly introduce the preparation methods and optical properties of graphene quantum dots, and the development and application of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots.The significance and main work of this paper are expounded.In the second chapter, we construct fluorescent nanoprobes based on nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots to detect Na2SO3.Due to the better quenching and selectivity of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (Fe~(3), the mechanism of fluorescence signal first decreasing and then rising was constructed by using the redox reaction between Fe~(3) and so _ 3H _ 2).The sensitivity detection of Na2SO3 in water is realized.In the third chapter, we self-assembled nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot-chitosan solid phase membrane on silica wafer, and constructed picric acid nanosensor.The "Jaff 茅" reaction between inosine and picric acid makes the solid phase membrane selectively adsorb picric acid, and the electron transfer between quantum dot-picric acid makes the fluorescence signal of solid phase membrane decrease obviously.The quantitative detection of picric acid was carried out by the change of fluorescence signal.In chapter 4, based on graphene quantum dots and chitosan, we constructed an electrochemiluminescence sensor for the detection of nitroaniline.Nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots can catalyze the diazo reaction of nitroaniline.Therefore, when nitroaniline was added to the electrolyte containing inorganic acid and sodium nitrite, diazo reaction occurred and diazo free radical was produced.Diazo radicals can enhance the electrochemiluminescence signal of graphene quantum dots modified on the electrode surface.The detection of nitrophenylamine can be realized by changing the luminescence signal of the system.In chapter 5, we prepared the surface imprinted polymeric membrane of Escherichia coli (O157:H7) polydopamine on the surface of glassy carbon electrode by electropolymerization. Because of the size and shape of the surface imprinted film and the complementarity of E. coli O157:H7.The surface imprinted membrane can selectively bind Escherichia coli O157: H7.At the same time, the nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots were labeled on Escherichia coli polyclonal antibodies, and the nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots could be connected to the glassy carbon electrode surface by the specific binding between E. coli O157:H7 and polyantibodies.The O157:H7 of Escherichia coli was detected quantitatively by detecting the electrochemiluminescence signals of quantum dots.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O657.3

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