本文關(guān)鍵詞： 微區(qū)X射線熒光 生物膜 玉米 解毒與耐受機(jī)制 微量元素 毒性元素 鉛　出處：《光譜學(xué)與光譜分析》2017年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：微區(qū)無損分析可提供物質(zhì)組成元素的原位分布信息,以揭示物質(zhì)形成條件、元素動(dòng)態(tài)分布過程與相互作用機(jī)理、生物代謝作用等。文章報(bào)道了實(shí)驗(yàn)室型微區(qū)X射線熒光(μXRF)光譜儀的研發(fā)和元素生物地球化學(xué)動(dòng)態(tài)分布過程研究結(jié)果。μXRF光譜儀采用15μm光斑的聚束毛細(xì)管X射線透鏡為激發(fā)源,選用分辨率為135eV的硅漂移探測器(SDD),樣品和探測器間角度可調(diào),使之可進(jìn)行異型樣品如地質(zhì)樣品的原位分析,利用五軸自控實(shí)現(xiàn)樣品時(shí)空四維元素分布測定。利用該μXRF光譜儀測定了礦物-生物膜間的元素遷移和玉米種發(fā)芽過程中的元素分布,發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)生物膜可吸附、富集毒性元素鉛,是重金屬的重要匯集地,最大富集系數(shù)1.7。(2)生物膜是金屬從固態(tài)礦物相經(jīng)水相進(jìn)入生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要途徑。(3)在玉米種子中,可檢測到K,Ca,Mn,Fe,Cu,Zn和Pb。Zn主要在胚乳中分布,胚中有少量Zn存在;在胚乳和胚中存在微量Fe;胚乳中存在微量Pb,胚中未觀測到Pb。(4)經(jīng)含Pb溶液浸泡發(fā)芽后,K在玉米種中胚和胚乳中部分富集,Fe分布在種皮和胚乳中,Cu和Zn主要在胚乳中分布;Pb主要在胚根、胚軸和胚芽中分布,且Pb在新生根中高度富集。研究表明,在種子萌發(fā)階段,Pb等毒性元素可被植物滯留于根部,制約了其向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)移,從而揭示了植物對毒性元素的耐受機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The in-situ distribution information of the elements can be provided by the non-destructive analysis of the micro-region, which can reveal the formation conditions of the material, the dynamic distribution process and the interaction mechanism of the elements. Biological metabolism, etc. In this paper, the microregion X-ray fluorescence (渭 XRFs) of laboratory type was reported. The research and development of spectrometer and the dynamic process of element biogeochemistry were studied. The 渭 XRF spectrometer used 15 渭 m spot spot capillary X-ray lens as the excitation source. The silicon drift detector with a resolution of 135 EV is selected. The angle between the sample and the detector can be adjusted so that it can be used for in-situ analysis of abnormal samples such as geological samples. The distribution of four dimensional elements in time and space was determined by means of five axis automatic control. The element migration between mineral and biofilm and the distribution of elements in the germination of maize seeds were measured by the 渭 XRF spectrometer. It is found that biofilm can be adsorbed and enriched with lead, which is an important accumulation site of heavy metals. The biofilm is an important way for metals to enter the ecosystem from solid mineral phase through aqueous phase. Zn and Pb.Zn were mainly distributed in endosperm and a small amount of Zn existed in embryo. Microamounts of Fe exist in endosperm and embryo. Trace amount of Pb in endosperm and no Pb. 4) K was partially enriched in embryo and seed coat and endosperm after soaked in Pb solution. Cu and Zn mainly distributed in endosperm. Pb was mainly distributed in radicle, hypocotyls and germ, and Pb was highly enriched in new rooting. Therefore, the mechanism of plant tolerance to toxic elements was revealed.
【作者單位】： 國家地質(zhì)實(shí)驗(yàn)測試中心;
【基金】：國家高新技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863)項(xiàng)目(2007AA06Z124) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(20775018,41201527)資助
【分類號(hào)】：P593;O657.34
【正文快照】： 引言微區(qū)X射線熒光光譜分析技術(shù)(μXRF)可以識(shí)別并定量測定物質(zhì)組成元素,獲得元素三維分布信息和元素相關(guān)性數(shù)據(jù),利用微區(qū)X射線衍射分析技術(shù)(μXRD)可以識(shí)別元素所在的礦物相,利用微區(qū)X射線吸收光譜(μXAS)可以測定待測元素的化學(xué)鍵和氧化態(tài)[1]。這種可非破壞同時(shí)測定多種物質(zhì)

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