本文關(guān)鍵詞：外場作用下熱力學(xué)平衡判據(jù)及其應(yīng)用　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 外場 熱力學(xué) 平衡判據(jù) 相平衡 飽和蒸汽壓

【摘要】：熱力學(xué)中的平衡態(tài)是指系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)宏觀量都不變時(shí),它能夠永久地停留在該狀態(tài)。當(dāng)均勻系統(tǒng)與外界達(dá)到平衡時(shí),系統(tǒng)的熱力學(xué)參量必須滿足一定的條件,稱為系統(tǒng)的平衡條件。熱力學(xué)平衡判據(jù)是利用熱力學(xué)函數(shù)來判斷系統(tǒng)是否達(dá)到了平衡。自從人們發(fā)現(xiàn)外場對平衡有著顯著的影響效果,并且,在化工、醫(yī)藥等生產(chǎn)中有著重要的作用,越來越多的科學(xué)工作者開始著手研究外場對平衡的影響。有些從實(shí)驗(yàn)方面來研究外場對系統(tǒng)平衡的影響;有些則通過分子模擬得出外場對平衡的影響。他們的工作能從一些方面說明一些問題,但是卻沒有得到一個(gè)普遍性的結(jié)論。由于熱力學(xué)具有普遍性,所以本文將用熱力學(xué)方法來研究外場作用下的系統(tǒng)平衡問題。首先,從能量公理出發(fā),根據(jù)熱力學(xué)第一和第二定律推導(dǎo)出了外場作用下熱力學(xué)平衡判據(jù)普遍化形式。熱力學(xué)中熵判據(jù)、自由能判據(jù)和吉布斯函數(shù)判據(jù)在存在外場時(shí)雖然形式?jīng)]有變,但是由于受到外場的限制,它們的使用條件發(fā)生了變化。用外場作用下的熱力學(xué)平衡判據(jù)分析對磁制冷過程和電化學(xué)過程,得到了合理的結(jié)論。通過外場作用下熱力學(xué)平衡判據(jù),推導(dǎo)出了重力場和電場作用下的相平衡條件。根據(jù)重力場中的相平衡條件得出了氣體壓強(qiáng)和其高度的關(guān)系式,結(jié)果與經(jīng)典書籍中的結(jié)論一致;根據(jù)電場作用下的相平衡條件在等溫等壓和等溫等容情況下的不同形式,推導(dǎo)出了液體飽和蒸汽壓和電場強(qiáng)度的關(guān)系式,通過計(jì)算發(fā)現(xiàn),這兩個(gè)公式是等價(jià)的,電場作用可以使液體飽和蒸汽壓略有下降,這和文獻(xiàn)值相符。
[Abstract]:The equilibrium state in thermodynamics means that when the macroscopical quantities of the system are not changed, it can stay in this state permanently. When the equilibrium between the homogeneous system and the outside world is reached, the thermodynamic parameters of the system must meet certain conditions. It is called the equilibrium condition of the system. The thermodynamic equilibrium criterion is to use thermodynamic function to judge whether the system has reached equilibrium. Since it was found that the external field has a remarkable effect on the equilibrium, and, in the chemical industry. More and more scientists begin to study the effects of the field on the balance. Some of them study the effects of the field on the balance of the system from the aspect of experiments, and more and more scientists begin to study the effects of the field on the balance of the system. Some get the effect of the external field on the equilibrium by molecular simulation. Their work can explain some problems from some aspects, but not a universal conclusion, because thermodynamics is universal. Therefore, the thermodynamic method will be used to study the system equilibrium problem under the external field. Firstly, starting from the energy axiom. According to the first and second laws of thermodynamics, the generalized form of thermodynamic equilibrium criterion under the action of external field is derived. The entropy criterion, free energy criterion and Gibbs function criterion in thermodynamics do not change when the external field exists. However, due to the limitation of the external field, their application conditions have changed. The magnetic refrigeration process and the electrochemical process are analyzed by the thermodynamic equilibrium criterion under the external field. A reasonable conclusion is obtained. The thermodynamic equilibrium criterion is obtained under the action of external field. The phase equilibrium conditions under the action of gravity field and electric field are derived. According to the phase equilibrium condition in gravity field, the relationship between gas pressure and its height is obtained, and the results are consistent with those in classical books. According to the different forms of phase equilibrium conditions under the action of electric field under isothermal isobaric and isothermal isobaric conditions, the relationship between saturated vapor pressure of liquid and electric field strength is derived, and the two formulas are found to be equivalent by calculation. The saturated vapor pressure of the liquid can be slightly reduced by the electric field, which is in accordance with the literature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O642.4

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本文編號：1415936