發(fā)布時間：2019-05-08 10:34

【摘要】：鉛鋅尾礦中,養(yǎng)分含量低,重金屬含量高,不利于植物生長,難以進(jìn)行生態(tài)恢復(fù)。利用綠肥對鉛鋅尾礦進(jìn)行改良,不僅可以增加尾礦養(yǎng)分,還可以影響尾礦中重金屬的存在形態(tài)。綠肥對改善鉛鋅尾礦生態(tài)環(huán)境具有重大意義,本文主要利用黑麥草和紫花苜蓿兩種綠肥對鉛鋅尾礦生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善效果,并探索綠肥對鉛鋅尾礦改良的作用機(jī)制,為綠肥治理重金屬污染土壤提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)和實踐經(jīng)驗。本文以保定市淶源縣鉛鋅尾礦為研究對象,采用盆栽實驗,選取黑麥草和紫花苜蓿兩種綠肥進(jìn)行綠肥腐解動態(tài)實驗,施加紫花苜蓿綠肥量為1%、2%、4%(綠肥干重/風(fēng)干尾礦重),黑麥草施加量以紫花苜蓿各處理為依據(jù)等碳量施加,并設(shè)置對照處理(不施加綠肥),研究施加綠肥對鉛鋅尾礦養(yǎng)分、pH值和重金屬生物有效性的影響。結(jié)果表明,兩種綠肥有利于增加尾礦中速效磷、堿解氮的含量;兩種綠肥對尾礦pH均具有一定的影響,與對照相比,前期黑麥草腐解使pH升高,后期使pH降低,pH值的變化幅度隨著綠肥施加量的增加而減小;另外,施加黑麥草和紫花苜蓿綠肥對尾礦中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd四種重金屬的NH4NO3和EDTA-2Na浸提態(tài)均有一定為抑制作用,其中,施加黑麥草1%和4%的處理對重金屬的抑制作用較強(qiáng),紫花苜蓿以施加量為4%的處理抑制作用較強(qiáng)。本文還研究了黑麥草綠肥對鉛鋅尾礦中黑麥草生長及重金屬吸收特性的影響,黑麥草綠肥施加量為1%、2%、4%(綠肥干重/尾礦干重),并設(shè)置對照處理(不施加黑麥草綠肥),黑麥草生長60天后進(jìn)行收獲測定。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),施加黑麥草綠肥能夠促進(jìn)黑麥草生長,還能降低黑麥草對Pb、Zn、Cu的吸收量,影響植物對重金屬的轉(zhuǎn)移系數(shù)和富集系數(shù)。其中,黑麥草施加量為1%和4%時,黑麥草生物量較大。黑麥草施加量為4%的處理轉(zhuǎn)移系數(shù)低于1%處理,富集系數(shù)高于1%處理。綜合考慮增加綠肥施加量產(chǎn)生的成本問題,以及鉛鋅尾礦限制植物生長最主要的限制因子是重金屬含量過高,本研究認(rèn)為采用黑麥草綠肥對鉛鋅尾礦進(jìn)行改良時,以施加量為1%的處理對鉛鋅尾礦環(huán)境改善效果較好;采用紫花苜蓿對鉛鋅尾礦進(jìn)行改良時,以施加量為4%的處理對鉛鋅尾礦環(huán)境改善效果較好。
[Abstract]:In the lead-zinc tailings, the nutrient content is low and the heavy metal content is high, which is not conducive to the growth of plants and difficult to carry on the ecological restoration. The improvement of lead-zinc tailings with green manure can not only increase the nutrients of tailings, but also affect the forms of heavy metals in tailings. Green manure is of great significance to improve the ecological environment of lead-zinc tailings. In this paper, two kinds of green manure, ryegrass and alfalfa, were used to improve the ecological environment of lead-zinc tailings, and the mechanism of green fertilizer on lead-zinc tailings improvement was explored. It provides a certain theoretical basis and practical experience for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil by green manure. In this paper, lead-zinc tailings in Laiyuan County, Baoding City, was taken as the research object. Pot experiment was carried out with two kinds of green fertilizers, ryegrass and alfalfa, for the dynamic experiment of green manure decomposition. The amount of alfalfa green fertilizer was 1%, 2%, and the amount of green fertilizer was 1% and 2%, respectively. 4% (dry weight of green fertilizer / dry tailing weight of air), the amount of ryegrass was applied on the basis of equal carbon amount of alfalfa treatment, and the control treatment (no green fertilizer) was set up to study the effect of green fertilizer on lead-zinc tailing nutrient, and the effect of green fertilizer on lead-zinc tailing nutrient was studied. Effects of pH value and bioavailability of heavy metals. The results showed that the two green fertilizers could increase the content of available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in tailings. Two kinds of green manure had certain influence on the pH of tailings. Compared with the control, the pH increased in the early stage of ryegrass decomposition, and the pH decreased in the later stage, and the change of pH value decreased with the increase of green fertilizer application. In addition, the application of ryegrass and alfalfa green fertilizer could inhibit the NH4NO3 and EDTA-2Na extraction of four heavy metals of Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd in tailings to a certain extent. Treatment with 1% and 4% ryegrass had a strong inhibitory effect on heavy metals, and alfalfa with 4% application had a stronger inhibitory effect. The effects of ryegrass green fertilizer on the growth and heavy metal absorption of ryegrass in lead-zinc tailings were also studied. The application rates of green fertilizer were 1%, 2%, 4% (green manure dry weight / tailing dry weight), and the amount of Lolium ryegrass green fertilizer was 1%, 2% and 4%, respectively. After 60 days of growth, the ryegrass harvest was determined by setting the control treatment (without applying green fertilizer of ryegrass). It was found that the application of ryegrass green fertilizer could promote the growth of ryegrass, reduce the absorption of Pb,Zn,Cu, and affect the transfer coefficient and enrichment coefficient of heavy metals to plants. When the dosage of ryegrass was 1% and 4%, the biomass of ryegrass was larger. The transfer coefficient of 4% ryegrass treatment was lower than that of 1% treatment, and the enrichment coefficient of ryegrass was higher than 1%. Considering the cost of increasing the application of green manure and the heavy metal content as the most important limiting factor to the growth of plants in lead-zinc tailings, this study considered that the ryegrass green fertilizer was used to improve the lead-zinc tailing. The environmental improvement effect of Pb-Zn tailings was better when the amount of application was 1%. When alfalfa was used to improve the lead-zinc tailings, the treatment with 4% application had a better effect on the improvement of the lead-zinc tailing environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X171.4;X753

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