【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)進(jìn)程的不斷加快，我國對石油、天然氣等能源的需求也越來越大，在石油工業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展的同時(shí)，伴隨著生態(tài)資源的消耗。油田的發(fā)展在促進(jìn)和帶動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，在油田開發(fā)的各個(gè)階段中，產(chǎn)生大量的廢氣、廢水和廢渣，造成油田所在地區(qū)及周邊生態(tài)環(huán)境的污染和惡化。勝利油田，僅次于大慶油田，是我國的第二大油田，從1961年第一口華8井打出到現(xiàn)在，勝利油田在國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等方面作出了重要作用。勝利油田歷經(jīng)40多年開發(fā)建設(shè),在奉獻(xiàn)能源的同時(shí),也使東營市的生態(tài)環(huán)境受到極大的破壞，嚴(yán)重制約和影響了東營市的人居環(huán)境、生活質(zhì)量和資源性城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 現(xiàn)如今，油田不僅面臨著生態(tài)環(huán)境壓力大的問題，還有解決生態(tài)環(huán)境問題難度大的現(xiàn)狀。在油氣田勘探開發(fā)的過程中，包含多種工藝技術(shù)、多個(gè)過程，在不同開發(fā)階段和不同的工藝中，其產(chǎn)生的污染物不盡相同。生態(tài)環(huán)境壓力大主要是由于油氣田開發(fā)過程中產(chǎn)生的污染物種類多，技術(shù)層面上難度大。解決生態(tài)環(huán)境問題難度大是由于油區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境治理工作涉及到法律法規(guī)、政策制度、體制管理、技術(shù)規(guī)范等多方面的問題。 本論文采用抽象分析與系統(tǒng)分析相結(jié)合的方法，從勝利油田的油氣田勘探開發(fā)活動(dòng)對環(huán)境的影響現(xiàn)狀入手，了解目前油區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理現(xiàn)狀，探討現(xiàn)階段油區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理所采取的措施的利弊，指出在技術(shù)層面和管理層面存在的問題：一是政府在環(huán)境治理上管理分散、政出多門、各行其是；二是環(huán)境監(jiān)管能力弱，法制化程度不高；三是企業(yè)沒有將環(huán)保貫穿到日常的經(jīng)營管理中；四是污染物轉(zhuǎn)嫁；五是公眾參與環(huán)保程度較低，參與能力較差；六是油地關(guān)系矛盾。 現(xiàn)存問題產(chǎn)生的原因是多方面的：首先，油區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理不僅是油田技術(shù)層面的問題，它涉及到水質(zhì)、土壤、空氣、生物等多個(gè)方面的治理，牽扯到多個(gè)職能部門，法律法規(guī)對環(huán)保主管機(jī)構(gòu)的責(zé)任劃分不明確加之未形成聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制是首要原因；其次，政府監(jiān)管力度不夠；第三，企業(yè)需轉(zhuǎn)變末端治理，缺乏環(huán)保配套措施；第四，企業(yè)治污技術(shù)落后；第五，公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)較低；第六，政企目標(biāo)相關(guān)政策落實(shí)不到位。 針對油區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理問題產(chǎn)生的原因，，結(jié)合相關(guān)理論知識(shí)，在對國內(nèi)外油區(qū)治理的一些成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行借鑒的基礎(chǔ)上，論文提出了油區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理問題的對策思路：一是充分發(fā)揮政府的主導(dǎo)作用，整合各部門的治理工作，健全相關(guān)法律法規(guī)，明確責(zé)任主體，構(gòu)建油區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境綜合治理，使各個(gè)部門充分發(fā)揮其作用，以達(dá)到高效率的治理油區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境問題；第二是推動(dòng)企業(yè)HSE體系建設(shè)，構(gòu)建綠色生態(tài)油田；第三是提高油田生態(tài)環(huán)境治理技術(shù)手段；第四是整合公眾力量，強(qiáng)化輿論監(jiān)督；第五是妥善處理好油地關(guān)系，共建黃河三角洲生態(tài)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:With the development of socialist modernization, the demand for oil, natural gas and other energy resources in our country is also increasing. With the rapid development of petroleum industry, the consumption of ecological resources is accompanied by the consumption of ecological resources. The development of oil field not only promotes and stimulates the development of local industry and economy, but also produces a great deal of waste gas, waste water and waste residue in all stages of oilfield development, which results in the pollution and deterioration of the ecological environment in the area where the oil field is located and the surrounding environment. Shengli Oilfield, second only to Daqing Oilfield, is the second largest oil field in China. It has played an important role in the national economic development since the first Hua-8 well hit in 1961. Shengli Oilfield has been developed and constructed for more than 40 years, while devoting energy to the ecological environment of Dongying City, which seriously restricts and affects the living environment, quality of life and sustainable development of the resource-based city in Dongying City. Nowadays, oil fields face not only the problem of ecological environment pressure, but also the difficult situation of solving ecological environment problem. In the process of exploration and development of oil and gas fields, there are many kinds of technology and many processes. In different development stages and different processes, the pollutants produced are not the same. The pressure of ecological environment is mainly due to the variety of pollutants produced in the process of oil and gas field development, and the difficulty in technology level. It is difficult to solve the problem of ecological environment because the management of ecological environment in oil area involves many problems, such as laws and regulations, policy and system, system management, technical standard and so on. In this paper, abstract analysis and system analysis are combined to understand the current situation of ecological environment management in oil and gas fields, starting from the present situation of the impact of exploration and development activities on the environment in Shengli Oilfield. This paper probes into the advantages and disadvantages of the measures taken in the ecological environment control of the oil region at present, and points out the problems existing in the technical and management aspects: first, the government is decentralized in environmental management, and its administration is multipronged and its own way; Second, the ability of environmental supervision is weak, and the degree of legalization is not high; third, enterprises fail to penetrate environmental protection into their daily management; fourth, pollutants are transferred; fifthly, the degree of public participation in environmental protection is low, and the ability of participation is poor; and the sixth is the contradiction between oil and land. The reasons for the existing problems are various: first, the ecological environment management in oil areas is not only a technical aspect of oil fields, it involves water quality, soil, air, biology and other aspects of governance, involving a number of functional departments. The primary reason is that the responsibility division of environmental protection authorities is not clear and the linkage mechanism is not formed. Second, the government supervision is not enough; third, enterprises need to change terminal governance, lack of supporting measures for environmental protection; fourth, the enterprise pollution control technology is backward; fifth, the public awareness of environmental protection is low; sixth, the implementation of policies related to government and enterprise objectives is not in place. In view of the causes of the problem of ecological environment control in oil region, combined with relevant theoretical knowledge, on the basis of reference to some successful experiences of oil region control at home and abroad, The paper puts forward the countermeasures of the ecological environment management in oil region: first, give full play to the leading role of the government, integrate the management work of various departments, perfect the relevant laws and regulations, clarify the main body of responsibility, and construct the comprehensive management of the ecological environment in the oil area. Make each department give full play to its role, in order to achieve high efficiency in the control of the ecological environment problems in oil areas; The second is to promote the construction of enterprise HSE system to construct green ecological oil field, the third is to improve the technical means of oil field ecological environment treatment, the fourth is to integrate public power and strengthen supervision by public opinion. The fifth is to properly handle the oil-land relationship and jointly build the ecological environment of the Yellow River Delta.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X171.4;X322

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 穆從如;石油開發(fā)對黃土高原地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響研究[J];地理研究;1994年04期

2 高迎春;佟連軍;馬延吉;李名升;;清潔生產(chǎn)和末端治理環(huán)境績效對比分析[J];地理研究;2011年03期

3 韓言柱,田凌云,許學(xué)工;黃河三角洲濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及其保護(hù)的初步研究[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù);2000年02期

4 程金香,馬俊杰,王伯鐸,劉玉龍,林積泉;石油開發(fā)工程生態(tài)環(huán)境影響分析與評價(jià)[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù);2004年06期

5 周箏;;國內(nèi)外清潔生產(chǎn)進(jìn)展現(xiàn)狀綜述[J];能源與環(huán)境;2007年04期

6 韓磊;;塔河油田開發(fā)建設(shè)對環(huán)境的影響及環(huán)境保護(hù)對策[J];干旱環(huán)境監(jiān)測;2008年03期

7 李恩菊;;黃河三角洲濕地生態(tài)補(bǔ)償[J];固原師專學(xué)報(bào);2005年06期

8 徐太海;徐長君;;大慶市生態(tài)建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀及治理對策[J];大慶社會(huì)科學(xué);2014年01期

9 張建鋒,房義福,李秀芬,宋玉民,秦光華;黃河三角洲地區(qū)濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū)管理與城鎮(zhèn)綠化對策[J];河北林果研究;2003年S1期

10 于修剛,楊和國,王民,宋迎新;黃河三角洲開發(fā)建設(shè)對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響與對策[J];中國環(huán)境管理干部學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2004年03期

本文編號(hào)：2407117