【摘要】：論文根據(jù)2013年和2014年上半年合肥市的環(huán)境監(jiān)測資料、高空氣象探測資料、地面氣象觀測資料以及大氣氣溶膠觀測資料,探討了合肥市灰霾天氣的變化特征；研究了天氣條件和氣象要素對(duì)灰霾形成的影響；分析了合肥地區(qū)灰霾期間大氣顆粒物污染特征和典型灰霾天氣的氣象特征、局地污染特征。主要研究結(jié)論如下：(1)2013年合肥市灰霾天數(shù)145天,灰霾天數(shù)占全年總天數(shù)的39.7%。1月和12月是全年灰霾最嚴(yán)重的月份,分別有26天和21天為灰霾天氣；根據(jù)各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),2013年當(dāng)合肥發(fā)生灰霾天氣時(shí),PM2.5/PM10的比值在0.96～0.99,能見度不超過3.0km,氣壓為1023百帕左右,氣溫較低,低于5℃,相對(duì)濕度73%81%,風(fēng)速為1.5m/s,降水量幾乎為零。(2)分析2013年8月～2014年2月的PM10、PM2.5和PM1同步自動(dòng)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),其結(jié)果顯示：PM2.5占PM1o的平均百分比值為66.7%,PM1占PM2.5的平均百分比值為56.0%。重污染天氣時(shí),PM2.5/PM1o百分比值幾乎都在60%～90%,達(dá)標(biāo)天氣時(shí),百分比值幾乎落在40%～80%,而PM10濃度在150-300μg/m3之間時(shí),該比值變化幅度較大。PM1/PM2.5的變化則與PM2.5/PM10的變化相反,重污染天氣時(shí),PM1/PM2.5幾乎都在60%以下,達(dá)標(biāo)天氣時(shí),此比值幾乎都落在50%～85%,而PM1o濃度在150～300μg/m3之間時(shí),該比值變化幅度較大。重污染時(shí),PM2.5/PM10的值會(huì)升高,但PM1/PM2.5的值會(huì)下降,可見造成污染的主要為細(xì)粒子PM2.5。(3)從局地污染來看,污染主要來源于本地污染,工業(yè)排放、機(jī)動(dòng)車尾氣、煤燃燒等秋季末的秸稈燃燒會(huì)帶來較多的生物燃燒質(zhì)氣溶膠；2014年1月底的局地污染加重,有春節(jié)期間煙花爆竹燃放的貢獻(xiàn),1km以上高空的污染主要來自西北方向。(4)建議當(dāng)前合肥市灰霾污染應(yīng)著重從以下兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行控制：一是分區(qū)域控制污染源,將合肥市按照東部及北部城區(qū)、主城區(qū)、其他區(qū)域劃分成三個(gè)區(qū)域性特點(diǎn)鮮明的區(qū)域,以工業(yè)廢氣治理、城市揚(yáng)塵、機(jī)動(dòng)車排氣為重點(diǎn),分區(qū)域、分類做好各項(xiàng)污染源的整治工作。二是建設(shè)城市通風(fēng)廊道,根據(jù)合肥市主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向設(shè)置通風(fēng)廊道,從遠(yuǎn)郊及市區(qū)打通城市風(fēng)道,把郊外的風(fēng)引進(jìn)主城區(qū),增加城市的空氣流動(dòng)性。
[Abstract]:According to the environmental monitoring data of Hefei in the first half of 2013 and the first half of 2014, the characteristics of the change of the haze weather in Hefei were discussed, and the effects of the weather conditions and the meteorological elements on the formation of the haze were studied. The characteristics of the atmospheric particulate matter and the characteristics of the typical haze weather in the haze of Hefei are analyzed and the characteristics of the local pollution are analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In 2013, the number of days of haze of Hefei is 145 days, and the number of haze days account for 39.7% of the total number of days in the whole year. In January and December, the worst month of the whole year, 26 and 21 days are the haze weather. According to the data statistics, when the haze weather in Hefei is in 2013, The ratio of PM2.5/ PM10 is 0.96-0.99, the visibility is not more than 3.0km, the air pressure is about 1023 hundred Pa, the air temperature is lower, the temperature is lower than 5 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2407343