【摘要】：采集北京市2014年冬、春、夏、秋4個季節(jié)代表月1、4、7、10月的大氣細(xì)顆粒物PM_(2.5)樣品,分析研究了PM_(2.5)質(zhì)量濃度、化學(xué)特征、季節(jié)變化和污染成因.同時,采用正交矩陣因子分析法(PMF)對PM_(2.5)進(jìn)行了來源解析.結(jié)果表明,北京市2014年P(guān)M_(2.5)年均濃度為87.74μg/m3,是國家環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)年均濃度限值的2.5倍.輕、重污染期間,PM_(2.5)濃度較常日分別增加了1.5和3.9倍,其季節(jié)變化表現(xiàn)為冬季夏季秋季春季.地殼元素Mg、Al、Fe、Ca、Ti在輕度污染和重度污染期間較常日略有升高,分別是常日濃度的1.1~1.2倍和1.2~1.5倍.污染元素S、Pb、Zn、Cu濃度變化顯著,輕度污染和重度污染期間分別是常日濃度的1.3~2.7倍和1.9~5.9倍.S元素是PM_(2.5)中受人為活動影響較為嚴(yán)重的組分,其相應(yīng)的SO_4~(2-)年均濃度為13.43μg/m~3,在輕度污染和重度污染期間分別是常日濃度的2.7和5.9倍.硫酸鹽的形成主要受O_3濃度、溫度、相對濕度等氣象要素的協(xié)同影響,較高的O_3濃度、較高溫度和相對濕度有利于硫酸鹽的生成.PM_(2.5)主要來源于機(jī)動車排放、燃煤、地面揚(yáng)塵和工業(yè)排放,其貢獻(xiàn)率分別為37.6%、30.7%、16.6%和15.1%.
[Abstract]:The PM_ (2.5) samples of atmospheric fine particles were collected from Beijing in winter, spring, summer and autumn in 2014. The mass concentration, chemical characteristics, seasonal variation and pollution cause of PM_ (2.5) were analyzed. At the same time, the source of PM_ (2.5) was analyzed by orthogonal matrix factor analysis (PMF). The results show that the average annual concentration of PM_ (2. 5) is 87.74 渭 g / m ~ (3) in Beijing in 2014, which is 2.5 times of the national ambient air quality standard's average annual concentration limit. During the period of light and heavy pollution, the concentration of PM_ (2.5) increased by 1.5 times and 3.9 times than that of normal days, respectively. The seasonal variation of PM_ (2. 5) was as follows: winter, summer, autumn and spring. The crustal element Mg,Al,Fe,Ca,Ti is slightly higher than that of normal day during mild and severe pollution, which is 1.1U 1.2 times and 1.2 times of normal daily concentration, respectively. The concentration of the polluted element SbPb, ZnN, Cu varies significantly. In the period of mild and severe pollution, the concentrations of PM_ were 1.3N 2.7 times and 1.9N 5.9 times higher than those of normal daily concentrations, respectively. S was the most seriously affected component of PM_ (2. 5). The average annual concentration of SO_4~ (2-) is 13.43 渭 g / m ~ (-1), which is 2.7 and 5.9 times higher than that of normal daily concentration during mild and severe pollution, respectively. The formation of sulfate is mainly influenced by the meteorological factors such as O _ 3 concentration, temperature, relative humidity and so on. Higher temperature and relative humidity are favorable to the formation of sulfate. PM_ (2. 5) is mainly derived from motor vehicle emissions, coal combustion, ground dust and industrial emissions, and its contribution rates are 37.6% and 15.1%, respectively.
【作者單位】： 北京工業(yè)大學(xué)環(huán)境與能源工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家環(huán)保部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(201409003) 國家留學(xué)基金委項目(201406545022) 北京市教委項目(PXM2016_014204_001029_00205967_FCG) 北京工業(yè)大學(xué)區(qū)域大氣復(fù)合污染防治北京市重點(diǎn)實驗室資助
【分類號】：X513

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