【摘要】：隨著城市人口和污水處理率的的增加,污水處理污泥量也在迅速增長,污泥處理與處置已經(jīng)成為各大中城市當前面臨的最大環(huán)境問題之一。近年來,各大城市園林綠化面積的增加,園林綠化和育苗對于肥料的需求量也在逐年增加,城市污泥養(yǎng)分具有制備園林綠化肥的先天優(yōu)勢。本試驗通過對西安市第五、第六、第八、第十污水處理廠污泥的基本性質(zhì)、污泥的堆肥工藝及小白菜和園林植物的種植試驗,以期為西安市污水處理廠的污泥尋求一條合理的處理處置途徑。試驗結(jié)果表明:(1)西安市四座污水處理廠的污泥含水率平均值為77.38%;EC值平均為2.67mS/cm,比土壤高一個數(shù)量級;pH偏堿性,平均為8.54;四座污水處理廠污泥的總養(yǎng)分(全N+P2O5+K2O)含量符合我國有機肥標準,可與傳統(tǒng)有機肥相媲美;重金屬含量除第八污水處理廠外,均不超過我國園林綠化標準,但超過有機肥標準,需對其進行無害化處理。(2)在堆肥試驗中,分別設(shè)置了污泥:煙末(體積比)=1:1,污泥:煙末(體積比)=2:1,污泥:煙末:牛糞(體積比)=1:1:1三個處理,經(jīng)堆肥后,各處理含水率、pH、有機質(zhì)均符合我國有機肥標準;總養(yǎng)分(全N+P2O5+K2O)含量分別為6.47%、6.42%,5.39%,符合我國有機肥標準(總養(yǎng)分含量5%);堆肥后肥料成品的重金屬含量與原污泥相比均有不同程度的降低;綜合各處理N、P、K以及重金屬含量等指標,污泥:牛糞:煙末(體積比)=1:1:1處理的堆肥效果顯著優(yōu)于其它處理。(3)小白菜種植試驗時,施肥量小于5%時,小白菜的株高和鮮重隨污泥肥施用量的增加而增加,施肥量大于5%時,呈下降趨勢。當施肥量為40%時,小白菜生長受到顯著抑制作用;小白菜地上部Cd和Pb含量在0%~40%的施肥范圍內(nèi)均不超過國家食品安全標準,小白菜Cr含量在施肥量小于5%時,不超過我國食品安全標準,當施肥量大于5%時,含量超標;小白菜種植后土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr含量隨著施肥量的增加而增加,均在40%施肥處理達到最大值分別為33.41mg·kg-1、194.55 mg·kg-1、20.56mg·kg-1、0.55mg·kg-1、40.74 mg·kg-1。(4)在園林植物種植試驗中,當紅樓的施肥量為2.5kg/棵時,其株高、基徑、冠幅分別為172.33cm、2.70cm、71.53cm,比CK高1.77%、21.62%、1.88%;當紅葉李的施肥量為1kg/棵時,其株高、基徑、冠幅分別為331.33cm、2.23cm、99.40cm,比CK高7.69%、2.76%、7.70%;在0kg/棵~3kg/棵的施肥范圍內(nèi),李桃隨著施肥量的增加,其株高、基徑、冠幅呈上升趨勢。
[Abstract]:With the increase of urban population and sewage treatment rate, the amount of sewage sludge is also increasing rapidly. Sludge treatment and disposal has become one of the biggest environmental problems faced by large and medium-sized cities. In recent years, with the increase of landscaping area in major cities, the demand for fertilizer for garden greening and seedling raising is also increasing year by year. The nutrient of municipal sludge has the innate advantage of producing garden greening fertilizer. The basic properties of sludge, composting process of sludge and planting of pakchoi and garden plants in the fifth, sixth, eighth and tenth sewage treatment plants of Xi'an were studied. In order to find a reasonable treatment and disposal way for sewage sludge treatment plant in Xi'an. The results show that: (1) the average value of sludge moisture content in four sewage treatment plants in Xi'an is 77.38 cm, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of soil, the average value of EC is 2.67 m 路s / cm, and the average value of pH is 8.54 m / cm. The total nutrient (total N P2O5 K2O) content of sludge in four sewage treatment plants accords with the standard of organic fertilizer in China and can be compared with the traditional organic fertilizer. Except for the eighth sewage treatment plant, the heavy metal content did not exceed the standard of garden greening in our country, but exceeded the standard of organic fertilizer. (2) in the composting experiment, sludge was set up: the volume ratio of smoke and smoke was 1: 1, Sludge: fume (volume ratio) = 2: 1, sludge: fume: cow dung (volume ratio) = 1:1:1. After composting, the moisture content and pH, organic matter of each treatment accord with the organic fertilizer standard of our country. The total nutrient content (total N P2O5 K2O) was 6.47 ~ 6.42 and 5.39, which met the standard of organic fertilizer in China (total nutrient content was 5%), and the heavy metal content of compost fertilizer product was lower than that of raw sludge to some extent. The composting effect of sludge: cow dung: tobacco powder (volume ratio) = 1:1:1 was significantly better than that of other treatments. (3) when the amount of fertilizer was less than 5% in the experiment of pakchoi cultivation, the composting effect of sludge: cow dung: tobacco powder (volume ratio) = 1:1:1 was significantly better than that of other treatments. The plant height and fresh weight of pakchoi increased with the application of sludge fertilizer. The growth of pakchoi was significantly inhibited when the amount of fertilizer was 40. The contents of Cd and Pb in the aboveground part of pakchoi do not exceed the national food safety standard in the range of 40% fertilization. The content of Cr in pakchoi does not exceed the food safety standard of our country when the amount of fertilizer is less than 5%, and when the amount of fertilizer is greater than 5%, the content of Cr does not exceed the food safety standard of our country. The content exceeds the standard; The content of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr in the soil increased with the increase of fertilization rate after pakchoi cultivation. The maximum value of 40% fertilization was 33.41mg kg-1194.55 mg kg-1,20.56mg kg-1,0.55mg kg-1,40.74 mg kg-1. (4) in the experiment of garden plant planting. The plant height, basal diameter and crown width of Honglou were 172.33 cm ~ 2.70 cm ~ (-1) ~ 71.53 cm, which were 1.77 ~ 21.62 cm and 1.88 cm higher than that of CK. The plant height, basal diameter and crown width of red leaf plum were 331.33 cm ~ 2.23 cm ~ (23) cm ~ (99.40) cm, 7.6969 cm ~ (2.76) cm higher than that of CK, 2.76 cm ~ 7.70 cm higher than that of CK. In the range of fertilization from 0kg/ to 3kg/, the plant height, basal diameter and crown width of plum peach increased with the increase of fertilization amount.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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1 趙麗君,楊意東,胡振苓;城市污泥堆肥技術(shù)研究[J];中國給水排水;1999年09期

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本文編號：2335731