【摘要】：土壤環(huán)境作為整個環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,也是人類賴以生存的基本要素之一。但隨著我國工業(yè)化和城市化的進(jìn)程加快,土壤環(huán)境所受人類活動的影響也越來越大,土壤環(huán)境遭到了嚴(yán)重的污染和破壞。耕地土壤作為土壤中的一種土壤類型也受到了人類活動的影響,在礦區(qū)及周圍地區(qū),來自于礦區(qū)活動的污染使耕地土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量受到了嚴(yán)重的破壞。礦區(qū)耕地土壤所受污染主要是重金屬污染,其潛伏性、隱蔽性以及難于治理等特點,從而使耕地土壤極易造成嚴(yán)重污染,更嚴(yán)重的是重金屬被農(nóng)作物吸附累積并通過食物鏈進(jìn)入人類身體,威脅人類健康。因此,借助地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)并結(jié)合專業(yè)環(huán)境理論基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計和開發(fā)重金屬污染耕地農(nóng)業(yè)利用風(fēng)險評價和控制系統(tǒng),對于礦區(qū)耕地土壤重金屬污染的評價與污染控制與治理有著極其重要的意義。本文研究土壤重金屬污染研究中常用的評價模型和方法,在此基礎(chǔ)上采用本系統(tǒng)所需的土壤污染評價模型,包括單因子指數(shù)評價法、內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)評價法、潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險指數(shù)法等,并根據(jù)礦區(qū)耕地土壤性質(zhì)的實際,提出基于層次分析法的土壤重金屬污染綜合評價模型,并結(jié)合課題組關(guān)于礦區(qū)耕地土壤重金屬污染控制方法的研究成果作為系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的環(huán)境專業(yè)理論基礎(chǔ)；本文還介紹了地理信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)技術(shù),同時詳細(xì)介紹了組件式GIS開發(fā)手段,并且借助ArcGIS Engine開發(fā)組件和可視化系統(tǒng)以及評價模型和污染控制方法等環(huán)境專業(yè)理論開發(fā)和設(shè)計了重金屬污染耕地風(fēng)險評價系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要功能有：地理信息系統(tǒng)的基本功能；利用評價模型和方法對耕地土壤重金屬污染進(jìn)行評價；耕地土壤重金屬污染情況區(qū)域空間插值預(yù)測；耕地土壤污染情況的屬性信息和空間信息的查詢和編輯；根據(jù)耕地土壤重金屬污染情況給出重金屬污染控制方法等。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the whole environmental system, soil environment is also one of the basic elements of human survival. However, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China, the impact of human activities on the soil environment has become more and more serious, and the soil environment has been seriously polluted and destroyed. As a soil type cultivated land is also affected by human activities. In mining areas and surrounding areas pollution from mining activities has caused serious damage to the quality of cultivated land soil environment. The pollution of cultivated land in mining area is mainly caused by heavy metal pollution, which is latent, concealed and difficult to control, which makes the cultivated land soil easy to cause serious pollution. More seriously, heavy metals are adsorbed by crops and entered into human body through the food chain, threatening human health. Therefore, with the help of GIS technology and the theory of professional environment, the risk assessment and control system for agricultural utilization of heavy metal contaminated farmland is designed and developed. It is of great significance to evaluate, control and control the heavy metal pollution of cultivated land in mining area. In this paper, the commonly used evaluation models and methods in the study of soil heavy metal pollution were studied. Based on these models, the soil pollution assessment models needed by the system were adopted, including single factor index evaluation method, Nemero comprehensive pollution index evaluation method, and so on. The potential ecological risk index method and so on, and according to the actual situation of farmland soil properties in mining area, a comprehensive evaluation model of soil heavy metal pollution based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is put forward. Combined with the research results of the research group on heavy metal pollution control methods of cultivated land soil in mining area as the system development of environmental professional theoretical basis; This paper also introduces the development technology of GIS, and introduces the development method of component GIS in detail. The risk assessment system of heavy metal contaminated cultivated land is developed and designed with the help of ArcGIS Engine module and visualization system, as well as environmental professional theory such as evaluation model and pollution control method. The main functions of the system are as follows: the basic function of GIS, the evaluation of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land soil by using evaluation model and method, the regional spatial interpolation prediction of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land soil; Query and edit the attribute information and spatial information of cultivated land soil pollution, and give the control methods of heavy metal pollution according to the heavy metal pollution of cultivated land soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X825

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