湖北大冶農(nóng)田土壤重金屬的形態(tài)分析及其污染的化學(xué)鈍化修復(fù)
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-08 06:42
【摘要】：礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)帶來的土壤重金屬污染問題已經(jīng)成為全球面臨的重大環(huán)境問題,當(dāng)農(nóng)田土壤受到重金屬污染,有效態(tài)的重金屬會富集到農(nóng)作物上,并通過食物鏈危害人類健康。本研究以礦冶城市大冶為研究區(qū)域,展開了農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染狀況的調(diào)查,并選用礦物材料通過室內(nèi)鈍化試驗(yàn)和室外田間試驗(yàn)對重金屬污染土壤進(jìn)行低成本的防治研究,主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)分析了大冶市10個區(qū)域農(nóng)田土壤的重金屬含量,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的平均含量均高于湖北省土壤背景值,分別是背景值的4.14、1.25、2.63、15.29倍。以湖北省土壤背景值為評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn),內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法的評價結(jié)果顯示,所有采樣點(diǎn)和區(qū)域均為重污染,Cd和Cu污染貢獻(xiàn)最大,其次是Pb和Zn。潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法的評價結(jié)果顯示,大部分采樣點(diǎn)和區(qū)域?yàn)閺?qiáng)風(fēng)險,Cd是風(fēng)險最高的污染物,Cu次之。10個區(qū)域中,污染最重且風(fēng)險最高的3個區(qū)域依次是銅綠山、柯灣、大箕鋪。(2)分析了大冶市主要作物油菜和小麥的重金屬含量,籽粒的Cu、Zn、Pb含量都有不同程度的超標(biāo)。籽粒對重金屬的富集能力為ZnCuPb,二者相比,油菜籽粒更易吸收Zn,小麥籽粒更易吸收Cu。采用改進(jìn)BCR法對作物土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb的形態(tài)進(jìn)行分級,除油菜土壤的Pb以外,其余的重金屬形態(tài)主要集中在殘渣態(tài),酸溶態(tài)的含量最低,平均比例不超過15%。作物籽粒的Cu含量與土壤非殘渣態(tài)Cu含量呈極顯著正相關(guān),與酸溶態(tài)Cu含量的相關(guān)性最強(qiáng)。(3)通過室內(nèi)鈍化試驗(yàn)研究了白云石、石灰石、硅灰石和磷礦粉對土壤Cu、Zn、Pb的鈍化作用,4種礦物都能在提升土壤p H的同時鈍化土壤重金屬,高添加量的效果優(yōu)于低添加量,p H4.79和p H5.13的土壤中酸溶態(tài)的降低幅度和殘渣態(tài)的升高幅度大于p H6.70和p H7.27的土壤。多數(shù)情況下,白云石和石灰石對Cu的效果較好,石灰石和硅灰石對Zn的效果較好,磷礦粉和硅灰石對Pb的效果較好。(4)通過室外田間試驗(yàn)研究了白云石和硅灰石對土壤重金屬的實(shí)際修復(fù)效果,將礦物添加量設(shè)置為1%、2%、4%(W/W),兩種礦物有效地降低了土壤重金屬的活性,并減少玉米對重金屬的吸收。白云石對Cu和Zn的效果較好,土壤酸溶態(tài)較對照組降低37.54%~51.52%和17.90%~25.58%,玉米籽粒的Cu和Zn含量分別降低29.86%~39.06%和19.71%~24.05%。硅灰石對Pb的效果較好,處理后土壤殘渣態(tài)Pb是對照組的2.18~3.00倍,玉米籽粒的Pb含量降低30.25%~33.46%。兩種礦物還能促進(jìn)玉米生長,株高和產(chǎn)量隨礦物添加量的增加呈現(xiàn)先升后降的趨勢,在2%(W/W)添加量時達(dá)到最大值,白云石對提升株高效果較好,硅灰石對增加產(chǎn)量效果較好。
[Abstract]:The pollution of heavy metals in soil caused by the exploitation of mineral resources has become a major environmental problem all over the world. When farmland soils are polluted by heavy metals, the available heavy metals will be enriched into crops and endanger human health through the food chain. In this study, the investigation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil was carried out in Daye, a mining and metallurgical city, and the low cost control of heavy metal contaminated soil was studied by means of indoor passivation test and outdoor field experiment. The main results are as follows: (1) the contents of heavy metals in farmland soil of 10 regions of Daye City were analyzed. The average content of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd was higher than the background value of Hubei Province, which was 4.14 ~ 1.25 ~ 2.63 ~ 15.29 times of background value respectively. Using the soil background value of Hubei Province as the evaluation criterion, the evaluation results of Nemero comprehensive pollution index method show that all sampling sites and regions are heavily polluted, Cd and Cu contribute the most, followed by Pb and Zn.. The results of the potential ecological hazard index method showed that most of the sampling sites and regions were at strong risk, Cd was the most risky pollutant, and Cu was the second. Among the 10 regions, the three regions with the most serious pollution and the highest risk were Tonglushan and Kewan, respectively. (2) the heavy metal contents of rape and wheat in Daye City were analyzed, and the Cu,Zn,Pb content of grain exceeded the standard to some extent. The enrichment ability of grain to heavy metal is ZnCuPb, rapeseed grain is easier to absorb Zn, than rapeseed grain, wheat grain is easier to absorb Cu.. The improved BCR method was used to classify the forms of Cu,Zn,Pb in crop soil. Except for the Pb of rape soil, the other heavy metals were mainly concentrated in residue, the content of acid soluble state was the lowest, the average proportion was not more than 15%. The Cu content of crop grain was significantly positively correlated with soil non-residual Cu content, and the correlation with acid-soluble Cu content was the strongest. (3) the effect of dolomite, limestone, wollastonite and apatite powder on soil Cu,Zn, was studied by laboratory passivation test. The passivation effect of Pb, all four minerals can passivate heavy metals in soil, and the effect of high addition is better than that of low addition. The decrease of acid soluble state and the increase of residual state in pH 4.79 and pH 5.13 soils were larger than those in pH 6.70 and pH 7.27 soils. In most cases, dolomite and limestone have better effect on Cu, limestone and wollastonite have better effect on Zn. The effect of phosphate and wollastonite on Pb was better. (4) the effect of dolomite and wollastonite on the remediation of heavy metals in soil was studied through outdoor field experiments. The mineral addition was set to 1 / 2% (W / W). The two minerals effectively reduced the activity of heavy metals in soil and the absorption of heavy metals by maize. The effect of dolomite on Cu and Zn was better. The acid soluble state of soil decreased by 37.54% and 17.90% and 25.58, and the contents of Cu and Zn in corn grain decreased 29.86% and 19.71%, respectively. The effect of wollastonite on Pb was better. After treatment, the Pb of residual soil was 2.18 ~ 3.00 times of that of the control, and the content of Pb in corn grain was 30.25 ~ 33.46 times lower than that of the control. The plant height and yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of mineral addition, and reached the maximum at 2% (W / W), and dolomite had better effect on plant height. Wollastonite has a good effect on increasing yield.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53
本文編號：2317680
[Abstract]:The pollution of heavy metals in soil caused by the exploitation of mineral resources has become a major environmental problem all over the world. When farmland soils are polluted by heavy metals, the available heavy metals will be enriched into crops and endanger human health through the food chain. In this study, the investigation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil was carried out in Daye, a mining and metallurgical city, and the low cost control of heavy metal contaminated soil was studied by means of indoor passivation test and outdoor field experiment. The main results are as follows: (1) the contents of heavy metals in farmland soil of 10 regions of Daye City were analyzed. The average content of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd was higher than the background value of Hubei Province, which was 4.14 ~ 1.25 ~ 2.63 ~ 15.29 times of background value respectively. Using the soil background value of Hubei Province as the evaluation criterion, the evaluation results of Nemero comprehensive pollution index method show that all sampling sites and regions are heavily polluted, Cd and Cu contribute the most, followed by Pb and Zn.. The results of the potential ecological hazard index method showed that most of the sampling sites and regions were at strong risk, Cd was the most risky pollutant, and Cu was the second. Among the 10 regions, the three regions with the most serious pollution and the highest risk were Tonglushan and Kewan, respectively. (2) the heavy metal contents of rape and wheat in Daye City were analyzed, and the Cu,Zn,Pb content of grain exceeded the standard to some extent. The enrichment ability of grain to heavy metal is ZnCuPb, rapeseed grain is easier to absorb Zn, than rapeseed grain, wheat grain is easier to absorb Cu.. The improved BCR method was used to classify the forms of Cu,Zn,Pb in crop soil. Except for the Pb of rape soil, the other heavy metals were mainly concentrated in residue, the content of acid soluble state was the lowest, the average proportion was not more than 15%. The Cu content of crop grain was significantly positively correlated with soil non-residual Cu content, and the correlation with acid-soluble Cu content was the strongest. (3) the effect of dolomite, limestone, wollastonite and apatite powder on soil Cu,Zn, was studied by laboratory passivation test. The passivation effect of Pb, all four minerals can passivate heavy metals in soil, and the effect of high addition is better than that of low addition. The decrease of acid soluble state and the increase of residual state in pH 4.79 and pH 5.13 soils were larger than those in pH 6.70 and pH 7.27 soils. In most cases, dolomite and limestone have better effect on Cu, limestone and wollastonite have better effect on Zn. The effect of phosphate and wollastonite on Pb was better. (4) the effect of dolomite and wollastonite on the remediation of heavy metals in soil was studied through outdoor field experiments. The mineral addition was set to 1 / 2% (W / W). The two minerals effectively reduced the activity of heavy metals in soil and the absorption of heavy metals by maize. The effect of dolomite on Cu and Zn was better. The acid soluble state of soil decreased by 37.54% and 17.90% and 25.58, and the contents of Cu and Zn in corn grain decreased 29.86% and 19.71%, respectively. The effect of wollastonite on Pb was better. After treatment, the Pb of residual soil was 2.18 ~ 3.00 times of that of the control, and the content of Pb in corn grain was 30.25 ~ 33.46 times lower than that of the control. The plant height and yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of mineral addition, and reached the maximum at 2% (W / W), and dolomite had better effect on plant height. Wollastonite has a good effect on increasing yield.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53
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