利用城市生活污水高效培養(yǎng)微藻的優(yōu)化研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-14 11:50
【摘要】：化石能源危機和水體富營養(yǎng)化已日益嚴重,微藻可以有效去除城市生活污水中的氮磷,同時收獲的藻細胞可以提取微藻油脂用于生產生物柴油,部分替代化石能源。本文以小球藻作為研究對象,利用城市生活污水作為培養(yǎng)液,通過控制培養(yǎng)條件如滅菌條件、通氣量、初始接種密度等,分析這些環(huán)境條件對小球藻生物量和脂肪酸組成的影響,研究其對于污水中氮磷等物質的去除規(guī)律,綜合考察環(huán)境因素對小球藻的生物量和總脂肪酸產量的影響,從而優(yōu)化利用城市生活污水培養(yǎng)小球藻的培養(yǎng)條件,提高小球藻的生物量和總脂肪酸產量。主要結果如下：(1)小球藻可以在不滅菌處理的生活污水中正常生長,但生長速度較慢,且總脂肪酸產量也比較低；城市生活污水進行滅菌處理有利于小球藻的生長和生物量的累積,其中高溫蒸汽滅菌處理組的小球藻生物累積量最高,其生物量為0.2181g/L。通氣能夠增加藻細胞與城市生活污水中營養(yǎng)物質的接觸面積,有利于小球藻藻的生長；與不通氣培養(yǎng)相比,在通氣條件下,城市生活污水中小球藻的生物量累積量明顯增加。當通氣量為2 L/min,小球藻生物累積量最高為0.2413g/L。增大接種濃度和添加微量元素都有利于小球藻的生長和生物量的累積。(2)在小球藻細胞中,C16：0(棕桐油)、C18：1(油酸)、C18：2(亞油酸)和C18：3(亞麻酸)含量較高。環(huán)境條件對小球藻的脂肪酸組成具有一定的影響。滅菌條件越嚴格,有利于藻細胞對不飽和脂肪酸,特別是多不飽和脂肪酸的累積,高溫蒸汽滅菌的藻細胞中不飽和脂肪酸和多不飽和脂肪酸含量最高,分別占脂肪酸總量的62.68%和25.74%。通氣條件下的藻細胞中不飽和脂肪酸的含量要高于不通氣條件。通氣量為1 L/min時,藻細胞中不飽和脂肪酸和多不飽和脂肪酸的含量最多。但隨著通氣量的增加,藻細胞中飽和脂肪酸含量上升,不飽和脂肪酸和多不飽和脂肪酸含量下降。接種濃度增加時,藻細胞中飽和脂肪酸的含量呈上升趨勢,不飽和脂肪酸和多不飽和脂肪酸的含量則有下降的趨勢。添加微量元素后,藻細胞中脂肪酸的種類較為豐富,但是飽和脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪酸和多不飽和脂肪酸的含量會下降。(3)小球藻對城市生活污水有著良好的凈化效果。滅菌處理、增加通氣量、加大接種濃度和添加微量元素能夠提高小球藻對COD、NH4+-N、TN、TP的凈化效率。小球藻對COD的凈化基本都是在72h內完成,對COD的凈化率都可以達到55%以上。污水中TN和NH4+-N的去除貫穿了整個培養(yǎng)過程,TN和NH4+-N含量隨著培養(yǎng)時間的增加而下降,最終TN和NH4+-N的含量穩(wěn)定在一定的水平上。對TN和NH4+-N的去除基本是在72h內完成,且最終對TN和NH4+-N的去除率都高達83.6%和80%以上。小球藻對TP的凈化總體呈現(xiàn)為先迅速下降,再有所回升,并穩(wěn)定。在接種后24h內,小球藻對TP的去除速度最快,污水中TP的含量呈直線下降的趨勢,此時,去除率達到最大值,各組的TP去除率均可達到73%以上,但之后污水中TP的含量有所回升并處于上下波動的狀態(tài),最終基本穩(wěn)定在一定的水平,最終對T.P的去除率也可達到47.5%以上。(4)對小球藻的培養(yǎng)條件進行多因子優(yōu)化研究,確定了小球藻的最佳培養(yǎng)條件：通氣量為2 L/min,接種濃度為2.1×106個/ml,不添加微量元素,總脂肪酸量理論值為42ug/mg,實際測定值為37.8ug/mg,相對誤差為10%。
[Abstract]:The fossil energy crisis and the eutrophication of water bodies are becoming more and more serious. Microalgae can effectively remove the nitrogen and phosphorus in urban domestic sewage, and the harvested algae cells can extract micro algae oil for the production of biodiesel and partly replace fossil energy. The effects of these environmental conditions on biomass and fatty acid composition of chlorella were analyzed by controlling culture conditions such as sterilization condition, aeration quantity, initial inoculation density and so on. The effects of environmental factors on the biomass of chlorella and the total fatty acid yield of chlorella were investigated, and the biomass and total fatty acid yield of chlorella were improved. The main results are as follows: (1) the chlorella can grow normally in the domestic sewage without sterilization treatment, but the growth speed is slow, and the total fatty acid yield is low; the sterilization treatment of urban domestic sewage is beneficial to the growth of chlorella and the accumulation of biomass, The biomass of chlorella in the high-temperature steam sterilization treatment group was 0. 2181g/ L. The aeration can increase the contact area between the algae cells and the nutrients in urban domestic sewage, which is beneficial to the growth of chlorella; compared with the non-aeration culture, the biomass accumulation amount of chlorella in urban domestic sewage is obviously increased under the condition of aeration. When the ventilation volume was 2L/ min, the bioaccumulation amount of chlorella was 0.2413g/ L. Increasing the inoculation concentration and adding trace elements are beneficial to the growth of chlorella and the accumulation of biomass. (2) In chlorella cells, C16: 0 (brown color), C18: 1 (oleic acid), C18: 2 (linoleic acid) and C18: 3 (linolenic acid) were high in content. Environmental conditions have a certain effect on the fatty acid composition of chlorella. The more stringent the sterilization conditions, it is beneficial to the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, in algae cells. The content of unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in algae cells sterilized by high temperature steam accounts for 62. 68% and 25.74% of the total fatty acids. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in algal cells under ventilation should be higher than that of non-aeration. When the ventilation volume is 1 L/ min, the content of unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in algae cells is most abundant. However, with the increase of ventilatory capacity, the content of saturated fatty acids in algae cells increased, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. When the inoculation concentration increased, the content of saturated fatty acids in algae cells was increasing, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. The content of saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid will decrease after adding trace elements. (3) The chlorella has good purifying effect on urban domestic sewage. Sterilization treatment, increased aeration, increased inoculation concentration and addition of trace elements could improve the purification efficiency of chlorella on COD, NH4 +-N, TN and TP. The purification of COD in chlorella is basically completed within 72h, and the purification rate of COD can reach above 55%. The removal of TN and NH4 +-N in sewage runs through the whole culture process, and the content of TN and NH4 +-N decreases with the increase of culture time, and the content of TN and NH4 +-N is stable at a certain level. The removal of TN and NH4 +-N was basically completed within 72h, and the removal rate of TN and NH4 +-N was 83.6% and more than 80%. The purification of TP in chlorella was first decreased rapidly, and then recovered and stabilized. Within 24h after inoculation, the removal rate of TP was the fastest, and the content of TP in sewage decreased linearly. At this time, the removal rate reached the maximum, the TP removal rate of each group could reach more than 73%, but the TP content in sewage recovered and was in the state of upper and lower fluctuation. In the end, the removal rate of T. P can reach 47. 5%. (4) A multi-factor optimization study was carried out on the cultivation conditions of chlorella, and the optimal culture conditions of chlorella were determined: the ventilation volume was 2 L/ min, the inoculation concentration was 2. 1/ 106/ ml, the trace elements were not added, the theoretical value of total fatty acid was 42ug/ mg, the actual measured value was 37. 8ug/ mg, and the relative error was 10%.
【學位授予單位】：長江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X799.3
本文編號：2270371
[Abstract]:The fossil energy crisis and the eutrophication of water bodies are becoming more and more serious. Microalgae can effectively remove the nitrogen and phosphorus in urban domestic sewage, and the harvested algae cells can extract micro algae oil for the production of biodiesel and partly replace fossil energy. The effects of these environmental conditions on biomass and fatty acid composition of chlorella were analyzed by controlling culture conditions such as sterilization condition, aeration quantity, initial inoculation density and so on. The effects of environmental factors on the biomass of chlorella and the total fatty acid yield of chlorella were investigated, and the biomass and total fatty acid yield of chlorella were improved. The main results are as follows: (1) the chlorella can grow normally in the domestic sewage without sterilization treatment, but the growth speed is slow, and the total fatty acid yield is low; the sterilization treatment of urban domestic sewage is beneficial to the growth of chlorella and the accumulation of biomass, The biomass of chlorella in the high-temperature steam sterilization treatment group was 0. 2181g/ L. The aeration can increase the contact area between the algae cells and the nutrients in urban domestic sewage, which is beneficial to the growth of chlorella; compared with the non-aeration culture, the biomass accumulation amount of chlorella in urban domestic sewage is obviously increased under the condition of aeration. When the ventilation volume was 2L/ min, the bioaccumulation amount of chlorella was 0.2413g/ L. Increasing the inoculation concentration and adding trace elements are beneficial to the growth of chlorella and the accumulation of biomass. (2) In chlorella cells, C16: 0 (brown color), C18: 1 (oleic acid), C18: 2 (linoleic acid) and C18: 3 (linolenic acid) were high in content. Environmental conditions have a certain effect on the fatty acid composition of chlorella. The more stringent the sterilization conditions, it is beneficial to the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, in algae cells. The content of unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in algae cells sterilized by high temperature steam accounts for 62. 68% and 25.74% of the total fatty acids. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in algal cells under ventilation should be higher than that of non-aeration. When the ventilation volume is 1 L/ min, the content of unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in algae cells is most abundant. However, with the increase of ventilatory capacity, the content of saturated fatty acids in algae cells increased, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. When the inoculation concentration increased, the content of saturated fatty acids in algae cells was increasing, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. The content of saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid will decrease after adding trace elements. (3) The chlorella has good purifying effect on urban domestic sewage. Sterilization treatment, increased aeration, increased inoculation concentration and addition of trace elements could improve the purification efficiency of chlorella on COD, NH4 +-N, TN and TP. The purification of COD in chlorella is basically completed within 72h, and the purification rate of COD can reach above 55%. The removal of TN and NH4 +-N in sewage runs through the whole culture process, and the content of TN and NH4 +-N decreases with the increase of culture time, and the content of TN and NH4 +-N is stable at a certain level. The removal of TN and NH4 +-N was basically completed within 72h, and the removal rate of TN and NH4 +-N was 83.6% and more than 80%. The purification of TP in chlorella was first decreased rapidly, and then recovered and stabilized. Within 24h after inoculation, the removal rate of TP was the fastest, and the content of TP in sewage decreased linearly. At this time, the removal rate reached the maximum, the TP removal rate of each group could reach more than 73%, but the TP content in sewage recovered and was in the state of upper and lower fluctuation. In the end, the removal rate of T. P can reach 47. 5%. (4) A multi-factor optimization study was carried out on the cultivation conditions of chlorella, and the optimal culture conditions of chlorella were determined: the ventilation volume was 2 L/ min, the inoculation concentration was 2. 1/ 106/ ml, the trace elements were not added, the theoretical value of total fatty acid was 42ug/ mg, the actual measured value was 37. 8ug/ mg, and the relative error was 10%.
【學位授予單位】：長江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X799.3
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