發(fā)布時間：2018-10-14 11:26

【摘要】：污水處理是高污染、高能耗的行業(yè),其運行過程會造成較大的酸化效應(yīng)和溫室效應(yīng)等問題,而環(huán)境評價可以有效地對其使用的工藝可能造成的環(huán)境影響進(jìn)行分析、預(yù)測和評估,提出預(yù)防或者減輕不良環(huán)境影響的對策和措施,實現(xiàn)“節(jié)能、降耗、減污、增效”的目標(biāo)。但是由于目前國內(nèi)對污水處理系統(tǒng)的評價不夠全面,易受主觀因素影響,導(dǎo)致污水處理系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境影響評價方法存在一定局限性。為完善評價的方法,本文將生命周期評價(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)理論應(yīng)用于污水處理系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境評價過程,用于評價污水處理系統(tǒng)中不同工藝流程的環(huán)境影響,從而為今后確定污染治理重點和節(jié)能減排提供技術(shù)支持。(1)運用生命周期評價方法,構(gòu)建污水處理系統(tǒng)的影響評價模型。確定研究邊界范圍,追溯系統(tǒng)的上游工段,構(gòu)建全過程的生命周期清單,將污水處理系統(tǒng)分為污水處理階段、運輸階段、污泥處置階段進(jìn)行環(huán)境影響評價。(2)采用CML-Nov.2010評估模型中的4項環(huán)境影響指標(biāo),包括富營養(yǎng)化潛值、酸化潛值、全球變暖潛值、人體毒性潛值,對污水處理系統(tǒng)邊界內(nèi)的環(huán)境影響進(jìn)行特征化與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化評估。結(jié)果表明,在污水處理階段中由電力消耗和化學(xué)品消耗產(chǎn)生的污染物排放是造成污水處理階段環(huán)境負(fù)荷的主要因素,而污泥處置階段中由填埋和煙氣排放所產(chǎn)生的污染物直接排放是造成環(huán)境影響的主要因素。(3)兩種污泥處置工藝的對比結(jié)果表明,若污泥處置方法選用半干垃圾與污泥混燒工藝方法,分別會使現(xiàn)有污水處理系統(tǒng)的AP、EP、GWP、HTP和電能回收分別增加23.82倍,增加6.86倍,降低0.79倍,增加10.3倍,增加3.7倍。本論文將LCA與污水處理系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境影響評價相結(jié)合,完善了評價各工藝環(huán)境影響的技術(shù)方法,對今后國內(nèi)污水處理系統(tǒng)節(jié)能減排工作具有一定指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Sewage treatment is an industry with high pollution and high energy consumption, and its operation will cause great acidification effect and Greenhouse Effect problems, and environmental assessment can effectively analyze, predict and evaluate the possible environmental impact caused by the process used. The countermeasures and measures to prevent or mitigate the adverse environmental impact are put forward to achieve the goal of "saving energy, reducing consumption, reducing pollution and increasing efficiency". However, due to the lack of comprehensive evaluation of sewage treatment system in China at present, it is easy to be affected by subjective factors, which leads to the limitations of the environmental impact assessment method of sewage treatment system. In order to improve the evaluation method, this paper applies the life cycle evaluation (Life Cycle Assessment, LCA) theory to the environmental evaluation process of sewage treatment system, which is used to evaluate the environmental impact of different technological processes in sewage treatment system. Therefore, it can provide technical support for determining the key points of pollution control and energy saving and emission reduction in the future. (1) the impact assessment model of sewage treatment system is constructed by using life cycle evaluation method. Determine the study boundary range, trace the upstream section of the system, construct the life cycle list of the whole process, divide the sewage treatment system into sewage treatment stage, transport stage, Environmental impact assessment was carried out in sludge disposal stage. (2) four environmental impact indicators, including eutrophication potential, acidification potential, global warming potential, human toxicity potential, were used in the CML-Nov.2010 assessment model. The environmental impact within the boundary of sewage treatment system is characterized and standardized. The results show that the discharge of pollutants produced by electricity consumption and chemical consumption in sewage treatment stage is the main factor that causes the environmental load in sewage treatment stage. The direct discharge of pollutants produced by landfill and flue gas in sludge disposal stage is the main factor that causes environmental impact. (3) the comparison of the two sludge disposal processes shows that, If the sludge disposal method is mixed with semi-dry waste and sludge, the AP,EP,GWP,HTP and electric energy recovery of the existing sewage treatment system will increase 23.82 times, 6.86 times, 0.79 times, 10.3 times and 3.7 times respectively. In this paper, LCA is combined with the environmental impact assessment of sewage treatment system to perfect the technical method of evaluating the environmental impact of each process, which has certain guiding significance for the future work of energy saving and emission reduction of domestic sewage treatment system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X703;X820.3

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本文編號：2270320