凱江流域三臺段水環(huán)境污染現(xiàn)狀及治理對策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-14 14:10
【摘要】：現(xiàn)代社會高速發(fā)展,生活質量水平不斷的提高。然而,發(fā)展的同時造成了環(huán)境問題的凸顯,水環(huán)境的污染問題,成為環(huán)境系統(tǒng)中最值得關注的問題。為了解決水污染問題,首先應該控制水環(huán)境的污染物總量,本文在分析了國內外水環(huán)境污染研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎上,結合凱江流域三臺段水環(huán)境質量現(xiàn)狀,通過凱江三臺段沿線污染源現(xiàn)場調查和資料數(shù)據(jù)搜集,分析了凱江流域三臺段污染現(xiàn)狀及其主要成因,計算出凱江流域三臺段的水環(huán)境容量,并以此作為水環(huán)境治理措施的依據(jù),從而提出區(qū)域水環(huán)境污染控制對策措施和建議。凱江流域三臺段沿岸的城鎮(zhèn)有西平鎮(zhèn)、萬安鎮(zhèn)、古井鎮(zhèn)、潼川鎮(zhèn)。根據(jù)流域水環(huán)境功能區(qū)劃、行政區(qū)劃、主要污染源的地理位置及排污口的地理位置,以及控制斷面布設的原則和具體要求,在凱江和控制斷面上布設兩個控制斷面常規(guī)監(jiān)測面,即下斷面潼川鎮(zhèn)南門外、上斷面西平絲廠上游。運用綜合模糊評價法進行分析。本文依據(jù)國家行業(yè)類別對污染源進行分類并對污染源做出評價,凱江流域三臺段主要污染源主要有：城鎮(zhèn)生活污染源、農村非點源污染源和規(guī)�；笄蒺B(yǎng)殖污染源和工業(yè)污染源。本文采用等標污染指數(shù)、等標污染負荷和污染負荷比的方法來實現(xiàn)對污染源分析的評價。經計算結果得出,城市生活污染源(污染負荷比：52.4%)為凱江流域污染排放的主要來源,其次是規(guī)�；笄蒺B(yǎng)殖污染源(污染負荷比：19.6%)和農村生活和農田徑流即農村非點源污染源(14.3%),最后為工業(yè)廢水污染源(13.8%)。根據(jù)國家污染物總量控制相關要求,通過對凱江流域三臺段水污染現(xiàn)狀、水污染控制現(xiàn)狀、和地表水水質現(xiàn)狀評價中確定的污染源調查分析,結合本文的研究要求,確定其主要環(huán)境控制因子為CODcr、氨氮,以此作為凱江流域三臺段水環(huán)境容量主要控制計算因子。凱江流域三臺段屬于綿陽境內的小流域,本文中采用核算中小河流水環(huán)境容量的常用模型——“一維穩(wěn)態(tài)容量模型”。環(huán)境容量的大小在某種程度上代表著區(qū)域水環(huán)境質量的好壞,以及水體污染物容納量的大小。水環(huán)境容量計算結果：COD剩余水環(huán)境容量-276t/a,氨氮剩余水環(huán)境容量為-28t/a。因此,凱江流域三臺段需要重點針對NH3-N的污染排放治理,削減氨氮的排放量。氨氮的削減主要從污染負荷較大的城鎮(zhèn)生活污染源和畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染源著手,提出相應的削減措施。對于氨氮污染貢獻最大的城鎮(zhèn)生活污水源,特別是污染負荷最大的潼川鎮(zhèn),本文提出水環(huán)境容量削減措施,如增設生活污水處理廠,適當提高污水處理廠的處理容量。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern society, the quality of life has been continuously improved. However, the problem of water pollution has become the most important problem in the environmental system. In order to solve the problem of water pollution, first of all, the total amount of pollutants in water environment should be controlled. Based on the analysis of the present situation of water environment pollution at home and abroad, the paper combines the present situation of water environment quality in the third section of the Kaijiang River Basin. Based on the field investigation and data collection of pollution sources along the third section of Kaijiang River, the present situation and main causes of pollution in the third section of Kaijiang River Basin are analyzed, and the water environmental capacity of the third section of the River Basin is calculated. As the basis of water environment control measures, the countermeasures and suggestions of regional water environment pollution control are put forward. The towns along the three sections of the Kaijiang River Basin are Xiping Town, Wan'an Town, Gujing Town, Tongchuan Town. According to the functional division of water environment of river basin, administrative division, geographical location of main pollution sources and the location of sewage outlet, as well as the principle and concrete requirements of layout of control section, two conventional monitoring planes of control section are arranged on Kaijiang River and control section. That is, the next section of Tongchuan Town outside the South Gate, the upper section of Xiping silk factory upstream. The comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method is used to analyze. This paper classifies and evaluates the pollution sources according to the national industry categories. The main sources of pollution in the Santai section of the Kaijiang River Basin are: urban life pollution sources. Rural non-point source pollution sources and large-scale livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources and industrial sources. In this paper, the methods of iso-standard pollution index, iso-standard pollution load and pollution load ratio are used to realize the evaluation of pollution source analysis. The results show that the pollution source (pollution load ratio: 52.4%) is the main source of pollution discharge in Kaijiang River Basin. The second was large-scale livestock and poultry breeding pollution source (pollution load ratio: 19.6%), rural life and farmland runoff, that is, rural non-point source pollution source (14.3%), and industrial wastewater pollution source (13.8%). According to the related requirements of national total pollutant control, through the investigation and analysis of water pollution status, water pollution control status, and surface water quality assessment in the third section of the Kaijiang River Basin, combined with the research requirements of this paper, The main environmental control factor is CODcr, ammonia nitrogen, which is used as the main control factor of water environmental capacity in the third section of the Kaijiang River Basin. The Santai section of the Kaijiang River Basin belongs to a small watershed in Mianyang. In this paper, one dimensional steady-state capacity model is used to calculate the water environmental capacity of small and medium rivers. To a certain extent, the environmental capacity represents the quality of the regional water environment and the size of the water pollutant capacity. The results of water environment capacity calculation are as follows: the residual water environmental capacity of COD is -276 t / a, and the environmental capacity of ammonia nitrogen residual water is -28 t / a. Therefore, the third stage of Kaijiang River Basin should focus on the pollution control of NH3-N and reduce the discharge of ammonia nitrogen. The reduction of ammonia nitrogen mainly starts from the pollution load pollution sources of urban life and livestock and poultry breeding, and puts forward the corresponding reduction measures. For the municipal sewage source which contributes the most to ammonia nitrogen pollution, especially Tongchuan Town, where the pollution load is the greatest, this paper puts forward some measures to reduce the water environmental capacity, such as increasing the treatment capacity of the sewage treatment plant and increasing the treatment capacity of the sewage treatment plant.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52
本文編號：2270707
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern society, the quality of life has been continuously improved. However, the problem of water pollution has become the most important problem in the environmental system. In order to solve the problem of water pollution, first of all, the total amount of pollutants in water environment should be controlled. Based on the analysis of the present situation of water environment pollution at home and abroad, the paper combines the present situation of water environment quality in the third section of the Kaijiang River Basin. Based on the field investigation and data collection of pollution sources along the third section of Kaijiang River, the present situation and main causes of pollution in the third section of Kaijiang River Basin are analyzed, and the water environmental capacity of the third section of the River Basin is calculated. As the basis of water environment control measures, the countermeasures and suggestions of regional water environment pollution control are put forward. The towns along the three sections of the Kaijiang River Basin are Xiping Town, Wan'an Town, Gujing Town, Tongchuan Town. According to the functional division of water environment of river basin, administrative division, geographical location of main pollution sources and the location of sewage outlet, as well as the principle and concrete requirements of layout of control section, two conventional monitoring planes of control section are arranged on Kaijiang River and control section. That is, the next section of Tongchuan Town outside the South Gate, the upper section of Xiping silk factory upstream. The comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method is used to analyze. This paper classifies and evaluates the pollution sources according to the national industry categories. The main sources of pollution in the Santai section of the Kaijiang River Basin are: urban life pollution sources. Rural non-point source pollution sources and large-scale livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources and industrial sources. In this paper, the methods of iso-standard pollution index, iso-standard pollution load and pollution load ratio are used to realize the evaluation of pollution source analysis. The results show that the pollution source (pollution load ratio: 52.4%) is the main source of pollution discharge in Kaijiang River Basin. The second was large-scale livestock and poultry breeding pollution source (pollution load ratio: 19.6%), rural life and farmland runoff, that is, rural non-point source pollution source (14.3%), and industrial wastewater pollution source (13.8%). According to the related requirements of national total pollutant control, through the investigation and analysis of water pollution status, water pollution control status, and surface water quality assessment in the third section of the Kaijiang River Basin, combined with the research requirements of this paper, The main environmental control factor is CODcr, ammonia nitrogen, which is used as the main control factor of water environmental capacity in the third section of the Kaijiang River Basin. The Santai section of the Kaijiang River Basin belongs to a small watershed in Mianyang. In this paper, one dimensional steady-state capacity model is used to calculate the water environmental capacity of small and medium rivers. To a certain extent, the environmental capacity represents the quality of the regional water environment and the size of the water pollutant capacity. The results of water environment capacity calculation are as follows: the residual water environmental capacity of COD is -276 t / a, and the environmental capacity of ammonia nitrogen residual water is -28 t / a. Therefore, the third stage of Kaijiang River Basin should focus on the pollution control of NH3-N and reduce the discharge of ammonia nitrogen. The reduction of ammonia nitrogen mainly starts from the pollution load pollution sources of urban life and livestock and poultry breeding, and puts forward the corresponding reduction measures. For the municipal sewage source which contributes the most to ammonia nitrogen pollution, especially Tongchuan Town, where the pollution load is the greatest, this paper puts forward some measures to reduce the water environmental capacity, such as increasing the treatment capacity of the sewage treatment plant and increasing the treatment capacity of the sewage treatment plant.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52
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