【摘要】：海河是我國(guó)七大水系之一,也是華北地區(qū)的第一大水系,其干流主要流經(jīng)天津市區(qū)和濱海新區(qū),最終在大沽口匯入渤海。海河流域在我國(guó)十大流域中污染最為嚴(yán)重,水環(huán)境質(zhì)量差、污染壓力大、環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高。在海河干流中游區(qū)域,由于工業(yè)園區(qū)集中、支流環(huán)境復(fù)雜,復(fù)合污染特征十分明顯�？崭劢�(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)作為海河干流中游段的典型區(qū)域,其排污與暴雨徑流等面源污染對(duì)海河及其支流水系形成了嚴(yán)重的混合污染,探究經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)暴雨徑流造成的面源徑流污染,從而針對(duì)性地研發(fā)徑流污染控制技術(shù),能有效降低海河干流中游水系的污染負(fù)荷。本文利用GIS和RS技術(shù)提取研究區(qū)下墊面類型,并分析了不同下墊面徑流污染特性,在此基礎(chǔ)上建立研究區(qū)SWMM模型,探究研究區(qū)暴雨徑流及徑流污染狀況,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)論為:首先,基于RS和GIS技術(shù),利用WorldView-II高分辨率遙感影像對(duì)研究區(qū)下墊面類型進(jìn)行提取。結(jié)合模型需求及研究區(qū)實(shí)際情況,選取了綠地、不透水花磚和其他類型作為空港經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的主要下墊面類型。其次,分析不同下墊面的徑流污染物輸出特征。利用模擬降雨裝置模擬降雨,分別檢測(cè)流經(jīng)三種下墊面的雨水徑流及污染物釋放情況,得到COD、TN和TP的EMC值。從單一下墊面在降雨徑流中的污染物濃度來(lái)看,流經(jīng)綠地的雨水徑流中TP濃度顯著高于其他下墊面。最后,建立研究區(qū)SWMM模型,進(jìn)行雨水徑流模擬。由于本文研究區(qū)域范圍較大,降雨開始后45分鐘雨水排放口才開始出現(xiàn)徑流,徑流持續(xù)時(shí)間達(dá)十小時(shí)以上。整個(gè)降雨過(guò)程入滲量較大,說(shuō)明該區(qū)域透水性較好,綠地面積比例較大。污染物在徑流初期迅速增長(zhǎng),降雨歷時(shí)2小時(shí)左右達(dá)到峰值。三種污染物的變化趨勢(shì)一致,峰值較高,污染比較嚴(yán)重。從徑流水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果來(lái)看,峰值期各排放口污染均比較嚴(yán)重,而從整場(chǎng)降雨造成的污染物平均值來(lái)看,三種污染物超標(biāo)最嚴(yán)重的是COD,TP污染狀況相對(duì)較輕。各排放口徑流量和污染物在不同重現(xiàn)期降雨情景下的變化趨勢(shì)基本一致,重現(xiàn)期越大,徑流量越大,徑流污染越嚴(yán)重。
[Abstract]:Haihe River is one of the seven major water systems in China and the largest in North China. Its main stream flows mainly through Tianjin City and Binhai New area and eventually flows into the Bohai Sea at the mouth of Dagu. Haihe River Basin is the most serious pollution in the ten watersheds in China, the water environment quality is poor, the pollution pressure is high, and the environmental risk is high. In the middle reaches of the main stream of Haihe River, because of the concentration of industrial park and the complex environment of tributaries, the characteristics of complex pollution are very obvious. As a typical area in the middle reaches of the main stream of the Haihe River, the pollution of non-point sources such as sewerage and rainstorm runoff has caused serious mixed pollution to the Haihe River and its tributaries, and the non-point source runoff pollution caused by the torrential rain runoff in the economic zone has been explored. Therefore, the research and development of runoff pollution control technology can effectively reduce the pollution load in the middle reaches of the main stream of Haihe River. In this paper, GIS and RS techniques are used to extract the underlying surface types of the study area, and the characteristics of runoff pollution in different subsurface runoff are analyzed. On the basis of this, the SWMM model of the study area is established to explore the rainstorm runoff and runoff pollution in the study area. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: firstly, based on RS and GIS techniques, the type of underlying surface in the study area is extracted by using WorldView-II high-resolution remote sensing images. According to the demand of the model and the actual situation of the research area, green space, impermeable tile and other types are selected as the main underlying surface types of the airport economic zone. Secondly, the characteristics of runoff pollutant output from different underlying surfaces are analyzed. The simulated rainfall device was used to simulate rainfall. Rain Water runoff and pollutant release through three underlying surfaces were detected respectively, and the EMC values of COD,TN and TP were obtained. According to the concentration of pollutants in rainfall runoff, the concentration of TP in the runoff of Rain Water flowing through green space is significantly higher than that of other underlying surfaces. Finally, the SWMM model of the study area was established to simulate Rain Water runoff. Because of the large area in this paper, after 45 minutes of rainfall, Rain Water began to produce runoff, and the runoff lasted more than 10 hours. The infiltration amount of the whole rainfall process is large, which indicates that the area of this area is better in water permeability and the proportion of green space area is larger. The pollutant increased rapidly in the initial stage of runoff, and the rainfall lasted about 2 hours to reach the peak. The change trend of the three pollutants is the same, the peak value is higher and the pollution is more serious. According to the results of runoff water quality evaluation, the pollution of each discharge port in peak period is very serious, but from the average value of pollutants caused by the whole rainfall, the most serious pollution of three kinds of pollutants is that the COD,TP pollution is relatively light. The variation trend of discharge calibre and pollutant is basically the same under rainfall scenarios in different recurrence periods. The larger the recurrence period, the larger the runoff and the more serious the runoff pollution is.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52

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