基于廉價(jià)傳感器的城市大氣顆粒污染物監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-10 13:08
【摘要】：空氣是我們共享的重要的生存資源,但是近年來(lái)某些區(qū)域的空氣質(zhì)量卻呈現(xiàn)出逐漸惡化的趨勢(shì),尤其是對(duì)于一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家的超大型城市,如北京和新德里,空氣污染已經(jīng)成為這些城市一個(gè)很?chē)?yán)重的問(wèn)題。在空氣污染的眾多維度中,細(xì)粒度顆粒,尤其是PM2.5近來(lái)越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注,其中很重要的原因在于PM2.5在人們身體健康的直接影響,有研究資料表明PM2.5粒子很容易被人體肺部器官吸收,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的PM2.5環(huán)境會(huì)導(dǎo)致呼吸系統(tǒng)甚至血液系統(tǒng)疾病,PM2.5相關(guān)的問(wèn)題也是本文主要研究的內(nèi)容。由于PM2.5的嚴(yán)重影響,引發(fā)了民眾想要時(shí)刻的知道自身周?chē)h(huán)境的空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù),由此來(lái)做出相應(yīng)的防護(hù)措施。目前有很多的手機(jī)應(yīng)用,直接使用公共監(jiān)測(cè)站的數(shù)值提供給用戶(hù),但是這些數(shù)值并不是用戶(hù)更加關(guān)心的當(dāng)前位置準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)值,因?yàn)橛脩?hù)絕大部分時(shí)間所處場(chǎng)所的PM2.5的數(shù)值對(duì)其健康的影響才是用戶(hù)關(guān)注所在。同時(shí),政府也意識(shí)到了更密集部署監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)可能會(huì)對(duì)“科技治霾”起到很大的幫助作用。因此,本項(xiàng)目我們針對(duì)如何在控制成本保證精度的情況下進(jìn)行PM2.5設(shè)備的大密度監(jiān)測(cè)方案進(jìn)行了研究。我們提出了Air Cloud系統(tǒng),Air Cloud采用了clientcloud架構(gòu)。硬件前端,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)了廉價(jià)聯(lián)網(wǎng)式的PM2.5監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備——基站式AQM和移動(dòng)式mini AQM。我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了其中的風(fēng)道和結(jié)構(gòu),確�？梢詼�(zhǔn)確一致的測(cè)到PM2.5的數(shù)值。云端我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了云端的數(shù)據(jù)校正處理框架,設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)將會(huì)得到實(shí)時(shí)校正。我們使用了5個(gè)月的實(shí)驗(yàn)室數(shù)據(jù)和2個(gè)月的實(shí)際部署數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)云端算法和整體系統(tǒng)的性能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,經(jīng)過(guò)試驗(yàn),我們的云端校正框架可以將傳感器的準(zhǔn)確率提高53.6%。通過(guò)這種校正處理,我們?cè)诮档颓岸擞布杀镜幕A(chǔ)上,保證了準(zhǔn)確率,使得大密度部署并保證數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確性成了可能。我們后續(xù)在北京海淀進(jìn)行了高密度的部署實(shí)驗(yàn)(200個(gè)基站式AQM設(shè)備)。我們對(duì)部署數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析并給出了一些有意義和初創(chuàng)的發(fā)現(xiàn),這些發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)后續(xù)PM2.5在時(shí)空層面上傳播路徑還原,污染源區(qū)域發(fā)現(xiàn)包括時(shí)間維度上的預(yù)測(cè)都會(huì)起到一定的幫助作用,而這些結(jié)論將直接幫助政府作出相應(yīng)的決策,以科學(xué)高效的實(shí)現(xiàn)降霾目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Air is an important living resource we share, but in recent years there has been a gradual deterioration in air quality in some regions, especially in mega-cities in developing countries, such as Beijing and New Delhi. Air pollution has become a serious problem in these cities. Among the many dimensions of air pollution, fine-grained particles, especially PM2.5, have recently attracted more and more attention because of the direct effects of PM2.5 on people's health. Some research data show that PM2.5 particles are easily absorbed by human lung organs. The problems related to respiratory system and even blood system diseases caused by PM2.5 environment for a long time are also the main contents of this paper. Because of the serious influence of PM2.5, people want to know the air quality index of their surroundings all the time. At present, there are many mobile phone applications that directly use the values of public monitoring stations to provide users, but these values are not the exact values of the current location that the user is more concerned about. Because most of the time the user in the place of the value of PM2.5 on their health is the focus of user attention. At the same time, the government is aware that data from more intensive deployment of monitoring equipment could be of great help to "technology and haze control." Therefore, in this project, we study how to monitor the large density of PM2.5 equipment under the condition of controlling cost and guaranteeing precision. We propose that Air Cloud system adopts clientcloud architecture for Air Cloud. In the front end of hardware, we have designed and developed a cheap networked PM2.5 monitoring equipment, namely, base station AQM and mobile mini AQM.. We have designed the duct and structure to ensure that the PM2.5 values can be measured accurately and consistently. Cloud we designed cloud data correction processing framework, equipment data will be real-time correction. We have used five months of laboratory data and two months of actual deployment data to test the performance of the cloud algorithm and the overall system. After the experiment, our cloud correction framework can improve the sensor accuracy 53.6%. Through this correction process, we can reduce the cost of front-end hardware, ensure the accuracy, make it possible to deploy large density and ensure the accuracy of data. We conducted a high-density deployment experiment (200 base station AQM devices) in Haidian, Beijing. We make a statistical analysis of the deployment data and present some meaningful and initial findings that restore the propagation path of subsequent PM2.5 at the temporal and spatial level. The regional discovery of pollution sources, including the prediction of time dimension, will help the government directly to make corresponding decisions to achieve the goal of reducing haze scientifically and efficiently.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X84
本文編號(hào)：2234535
[Abstract]:Air is an important living resource we share, but in recent years there has been a gradual deterioration in air quality in some regions, especially in mega-cities in developing countries, such as Beijing and New Delhi. Air pollution has become a serious problem in these cities. Among the many dimensions of air pollution, fine-grained particles, especially PM2.5, have recently attracted more and more attention because of the direct effects of PM2.5 on people's health. Some research data show that PM2.5 particles are easily absorbed by human lung organs. The problems related to respiratory system and even blood system diseases caused by PM2.5 environment for a long time are also the main contents of this paper. Because of the serious influence of PM2.5, people want to know the air quality index of their surroundings all the time. At present, there are many mobile phone applications that directly use the values of public monitoring stations to provide users, but these values are not the exact values of the current location that the user is more concerned about. Because most of the time the user in the place of the value of PM2.5 on their health is the focus of user attention. At the same time, the government is aware that data from more intensive deployment of monitoring equipment could be of great help to "technology and haze control." Therefore, in this project, we study how to monitor the large density of PM2.5 equipment under the condition of controlling cost and guaranteeing precision. We propose that Air Cloud system adopts clientcloud architecture for Air Cloud. In the front end of hardware, we have designed and developed a cheap networked PM2.5 monitoring equipment, namely, base station AQM and mobile mini AQM.. We have designed the duct and structure to ensure that the PM2.5 values can be measured accurately and consistently. Cloud we designed cloud data correction processing framework, equipment data will be real-time correction. We have used five months of laboratory data and two months of actual deployment data to test the performance of the cloud algorithm and the overall system. After the experiment, our cloud correction framework can improve the sensor accuracy 53.6%. Through this correction process, we can reduce the cost of front-end hardware, ensure the accuracy, make it possible to deploy large density and ensure the accuracy of data. We conducted a high-density deployment experiment (200 base station AQM devices) in Haidian, Beijing. We make a statistical analysis of the deployment data and present some meaningful and initial findings that restore the propagation path of subsequent PM2.5 at the temporal and spatial level. The regional discovery of pollution sources, including the prediction of time dimension, will help the government directly to make corresponding decisions to achieve the goal of reducing haze scientifically and efficiently.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X84
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 周濤;汝小龍;;北京市霧霾天氣成因及治理措施研究[J];華北電力大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2012年02期
2 尹洧;;大氣顆粒物及其組成研究進(jìn)展(下)[J];現(xiàn)代儀器;2012年03期
，本文編號(hào)：2234535
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