【摘要】：城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠作為重要的城市基礎設施,在解決水污染與保護自然水體環(huán)境方面發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用�；钚晕勰喾ㄊ浅擎�(zhèn)污水處理的主流技術(shù),而現(xiàn)有城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠,冬季低溫條件下普遍存在污泥膨脹問題,不僅會導致污泥沉降性能顯著降低以及污水處理系統(tǒng)活性污泥的大量流失,而且直接導致污水處理廠處理能力與效率的降低,最終影響污水處理廠的正常運行。本課題以實際生產(chǎn)性活性污泥處理系統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)場序批式活性污泥小試系統(tǒng)為研究對象,探究不同溫度條件下活性污泥中胞外聚合物及其組分含量的變化對污泥絮體結(jié)構(gòu)和沉降性能的影響,分析了低溫條件下胞外聚合物大量積累引起的污泥沉降惡化和污泥比重下降的原因。主要研究成果如下:(1)通過對一年四季不同溫度條件下實際生產(chǎn)性活性污泥系統(tǒng)的研究,結(jié)果表明:隨著反應溫度的下降,活性污泥沉降性能逐漸變差,胞外聚合物不斷積累,其中主要是LB-EPS(即疏松型的胞外聚合物)和Total-C(即胞外多糖)的大量累積。當反應溫度從25.7℃降至11.1℃時,SVI值從232m L/g升至326m L/g,其增加量為94 m L/g,增加幅度達41%;LB-EPS從88mgCOD/gMLVSS增加至207mgCOD/gMLVSS,其增加量達到119mgCOD/gMLVSS,增幅高達135%,LB-EPS的增加量占Total-EPS增加量的73%;Total-C從34.51mg/gMLVSS增加至56.85mg/gMLVSS,其增加量達到22.34mg/gMLVSS,增幅為39%。此外,不同溫度條件下,活性污泥SVI值與LB-EPS、Total-C存在較高的相關性。因此,在實際生產(chǎn)性活性污泥系統(tǒng)中,隨著反應溫度的下降活性污泥中LB-EPS和Total-C的不斷積累是導致活性污泥沉降性能變差的直接原因。(2)通過外力作用人為改變污泥絮體結(jié)構(gòu),分析胞外聚合物對活性污泥基質(zhì)傳質(zhì)影響的研究,結(jié)果表明:利用外力作用后的活性污泥進行現(xiàn)場序批式小試試驗,作用強度為超聲波(20W/gMLSS,20kHz)分別處理0min、1min、2min、5min,外力作用后活性污泥的代謝能力和污泥的沉降性能得到不同程度的提高,INT-ETS(即電子傳遞體系活性)分別為107、110、150、161 mg/(gVSS*h),SVI分別為213、207、147、109mL/g;而活性污泥的胞外聚合物含量發(fā)生明顯變化,尤其是LB-EPS分別為276、242、192、175mgCOD/gMLVSS,TB-EPS分別為421、423、368、339 mgCOD/gMLVSS;作用強度不同的活性污泥系統(tǒng)之間SVI、INT-ETS值與LB-EPS、TB-EPS都存在很好的相關性。因此,當通過外力作用人為改變污泥絮體結(jié)構(gòu)后提高了污泥的基質(zhì)傳質(zhì)能力,進而增強了活性污泥的代謝能力,導致胞外聚合物含量的減少,最終改變了活性污泥的沉降性能。(3)通過對不同溫度條件下現(xiàn)場活性污泥小試系統(tǒng)的研究,結(jié)果表明:①當反應溫度從24℃降至8℃時,活性污泥系統(tǒng)沉降性能和污泥代謝能力逐漸變差,活性污泥系統(tǒng)的比重逐漸下降,胞外聚合物尤其是LB-EPS和Total-C的不斷積累。SVI值從85m L/g升至328m L/g,其增加值高達243 m L/g,增加幅度更是高達286%;污泥比重值從1.0318g/m L降至1.0129g/m L;而LB-EPS則從167 mgCOD/gMLVSS增加至287 mgCOD/gMLVSS,其增加值為120 mgCOD/gMLVSS,增加幅度高達72%;Total-C從47.4 mg/gMLVSS增加至72.4 mg/gMLVSS,其增加值為25 mg/gMLVSS,增加幅度為53%。活性污泥的SVI值與LB-EPS、Total-C之間也存在很高的相關性;活性污泥的SVI值與污泥比重之間也存在很高的相關性。因此,對不同溫度條件下現(xiàn)場活性污泥小試系統(tǒng)而言,隨著反應溫度的下降LB-EPS和Total-C的不斷積累以及污泥比重的不斷減小是導致活性污泥沉降性能變差的直接原因。②當反應溫度從24℃降至8℃時,活性污泥的代謝能力逐漸下降。TTC-DHA(即脫氫酶活性)從16.74mg/(gVSS*h)降至4.39 mg/(gVSS*h),其值下降12.35 mg/(gVSS*h);INT-ETS(即電子傳遞體系活性)從170.86 mg/(gVSS*h)降至41.37 mg/(gVSS*h),其值下降129.49 mg/(gVSS*h)。活性污泥系統(tǒng)的反應溫度與TTC-DHA與INT-ETS之間存在較高的相關性;TTC-DHA、INT-ETS與LB-EPS、Total-C、污泥比重之間存在很高的相關性。因此,對不同溫度條件下現(xiàn)場序批式活性污泥小試系統(tǒng)而言,活性污泥代謝能力隨反應溫度下降而降低,進而導致胞外聚合物的不斷積累和污泥比重下降,是導致活性污泥沉降性能變差的根本原因。
[Abstract]:As an important urban infrastructure, urban sewage treatment plants play an irreplaceable role in solving water pollution and protecting the natural water environment. Activated sludge process is the mainstream technology of urban sewage treatment. However, sludge bulking is a common problem in existing urban sewage treatment plants at low temperature in winter, which not only leads to sludge sedimentation. The performance of the sewage treatment system is significantly reduced and a large number of activated sludge is lost, which directly leads to the reduction of the treatment capacity and efficiency of the sewage treatment plant, and ultimately affects the normal operation of the sewage treatment plant. The effects of the content of extracellular polymers and their components on the structure and settling properties of activated sludge flocs at different temperatures were studied. The causes of sludge settling deterioration and sludge specific gravity decrease caused by the accumulation of extracellular polymers at low temperatures were analyzed. The results showed that with the decrease of reaction temperature, the sedimentation performance of activated sludge gradually deteriorated and the accumulation of extracellular polymers, mainly LB-EPS and Total-C, decreased from 25.7 to 11.1. The increase of M L/g to 326m L/g was 94 m L/g, with an increase of 41%; the increase of LB-EPS from 88 mgCOD/gMLVSS to 207 mgCOD/gMLVSS reached 119 mgCOD/gMLVSS, an increase of 135%; the increase of LB-EPS accounted for 73% of the increase of Total-EPS; the increase of Total-C from 34.51 m g/gMLVSS to 56.85 m g/gMLVSS, with an increase of 22.34 M g/gMLVSS, an increase of 36.85 m g/gMLVSS. In addition, the SVI value of activated sludge was highly correlated with LB-EPS and Total-C at different temperatures. Therefore, the accumulation of LB-EPS and Total-C in activated sludge with the decrease of reaction temperature was the direct reason for the deterioration of activated sludge sedimentation performance. The effect of extracellular polymer on the mass transfer of activated sludge substrate was studied by changing the structure of sludge flocs. The results showed that the field sequencing batch test was carried out on the activated sludge after external force. The strength of action was ultrasonic wave (20W/gMLSS, 20kHz) treatment for 0 min, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, respectively. The INT-ETS (i.e. electron transfer system activity) was 107,110,150,161 mg / (gVSS * h) and the SVI was 213,207,147,109 mL / g, respectively, while the extracellular polymer content of activated sludge changed significantly, especially the LB-EPS was 276,242,192,175 mg COD / gMLVSS, and the TB-EPS was 421,423,368,339 mg COD / gMLVSS, respectively. The SVI and INT-ETS values of activated sludge systems with different strengths are well correlated with LB-EPS and TB-EPS. Therefore, when the structure of sludge flocs is artificially changed by external forces, the substrate transfer capacity of activated sludge is enhanced, and the metabolic capacity of activated sludge is enhanced, resulting in the decrease of extracellular polymer content, and ultimately the activity is changed. The results show that: (1) when the reaction temperature drops from 24 to 8, the sedimentation performance and sludge metabolic capacity of the activated sludge system become worse, the proportion of the activated sludge system gradually decreases, and the extracellular polymers especially LB-EPS and Total-C are not. SVI increased from 85m L/g to 328m L/g, with an increase of 243 m L/g and 286%; sludge specific gravity decreased from 1.0318 g/ml to 1.0129 g/ml; and LB-EPS increased from 167 mgCOD/gMLVSS to 287 mgCOD/gMLVSS, with an increase of 72%; Total-C increased from 47.4 m g/gMLVSS to 72.4 m g/gMLVSS. LVSS increased by 53% with an increase of 25 mg/g MLVSS. There was also a high correlation between SVI of activated sludge and LB-EPS, Total-C. There was also a high correlation between SVI of activated sludge and sludge specific gravity. The accumulation of otal-C and the decrease of sludge specific gravity are the direct reasons for the deterioration of the sedimentation performance of activated sludge. The activity of electron transfer system decreased from 170.86 mg / (gVSS * h) to 41.37 mg / (gVSS * h) and decreased by 129.49 mg / (gVSS * h). There was a high correlation between the reaction temperature of activated sludge system and TTC-DHA and INT-ETS, and between TTC-DHA, INT-ETS, LB-EPS, Total-C and sludge specific gravity. In the sequencing batch reactor, the metabolic capacity of activated sludge decreases with the decrease of reaction temperature, which leads to the accumulation of extracellular polymers and the decrease of sludge specific gravity, which is the fundamental reason for the deterioration of activated sludge settling performance.
【學位授予單位】：青島理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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