北方季節(jié)性河流生態(tài)反應器水質模型研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-29 17:09
【摘要】：中國北方地區(qū)人口眾多,工農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)達,生產(chǎn)生活需水量大,但降水量不足且隨季節(jié)分配不均,枯水期缺水現(xiàn)象嚴重,人均水資源占有量極度匱乏。上世紀90年代以來,由于社會經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展和城市化進程的加快,北方地區(qū)污染物排放量增加,導致河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)被破壞,自凈能力減弱,造成水質的嚴重污染。迫切需要采取工程手段,提升中國北方河流的自凈能力,實現(xiàn)河流水質的可持續(xù)性改善。河流水體是一個復雜的自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng),其自凈過程受微生物學、化學、大氣物理學、流體力學等多種因素控制,各因素之間相互作用、相互制約、相互影響,如果直接進行試驗來研究它們的自凈能力,需要投入較多人力、物力、財力,而通過建立基于反應器原理的水質模型,則可以定量或者定性描述水體中污染物降解、遷移和轉化規(guī)律,預測水質狀態(tài),提供管理、監(jiān)測依據(jù),這就大大節(jié)約成本。本文在國內(nèi)外地表水水質模型的研究工作的基礎上,對比國內(nèi)外幾種常用水質模型的優(yōu)缺點,結合中國北方季節(jié)性河流的特點和現(xiàn)狀,篩選美國環(huán)境保護署(EPA)開發(fā)的水質分析模擬模型WASP,基于反應器原理,建立用于模擬、預測北方季節(jié)性河流的數(shù)學模型,分別用原始的WASP模型和改進后的WASP模型評價河道曝氣、人工濕地下污染物去除效果的影響機制,為實現(xiàn)河流生態(tài)反應器的水環(huán)境量化、優(yōu)化、決策和控制打下基礎。曝氣充氧是修復受污染河道的重要技術,數(shù)學模型是預測、評估環(huán)境污染狀況的重要方法。本研究首次應用WASP水質模型評價不同時段河道曝氣對河流水質的提升作用。初期模型驗證結果表明：基于WASP水質模型建立的河流生態(tài)反應器水質模型擬合結果與實際監(jiān)測結果基本吻合,可為水污染治理工程提供參考依據(jù)。在此基礎上,對不同曝氣條件進行模擬分析,結果表明：河道曝氣能夠有效降低河水中的化學需氧量(COD)和氨氮(NH3-N)濃度,改善水質；隨著曝氣河段內(nèi)溶解氧(DO)水平的提升,水質雖不斷改善,但改善幅度逐漸減��；全年不同月份曝氣效果差異顯著,5-9月曝氣效果較好。結合經(jīng)濟投入和環(huán)境效益,最終確定夏季提升DO水平達到4mg/L為河道曝氣最優(yōu)條件。表流人工濕地造價低、運行管理方便,具有生態(tài)效益和景觀價值,能夠取得較好的廢水處理效果。目前對于表流濕地的研究缺乏基于過程的模型指導工具。本文結合濕地的特點,修正WASP模型,進而體現(xiàn)濕地系統(tǒng)的植物對于水質和水動力條件的影響。選取中國北方的一處典型的河道表流人工濕地,驗證河流生態(tài)反應器模型對于河道表流濕地模擬研究的適用性,提供了一種定量指導人工濕地植物種植的方法。模擬結果表明：河道表流濕地在全年各個季節(jié)內(nèi)均能對上游來水中的污染物有著明顯的去除效果,但是在冬季氣溫較低時,氨氮的去除受到較大的影響,去除效果會減弱；增加濕地植物種植密度或者種植規(guī)格更大的植物均能夠有效提升濕地反應器對于NH3-N的去除效果,但對于COD的去除效果幾乎沒有提升。應結合經(jīng)濟成本、植物生長環(huán)境、控制目標等因素來綜合制定人工濕地設計、管理策略。本研究把河流水體看作反應器,篩選WASP水質模型作為研究的基本工具,并對原模型進行適用范圍的擴大,對河流水質進行模擬、預測、分析,驗證綜合模型的適用性,具有理論意義。根據(jù)中國北方河流的現(xiàn)狀,構建了集成河道曝氣或人工濕地工程技術手段的河流生態(tài)反應器水質模型,豐富地表水水質模型的表達和應用。通過假設采用工程技術手段時的不同工況,改變模型參數(shù),預測對水質改善的影響,體現(xiàn)了模型研究方法的優(yōu)勢。為指導建設河流生態(tài)修復工程和水污染控制管理決策提供科學依據(jù),具有應用價值。
[Abstract]:Northern China has a large population, developed industry and agriculture, and a large demand for water for production and living. However, the precipitation is insufficient and unevenly distributed with the seasons. Water shortage is serious in dry season, and the per capita water resources are extremely scarce. Since the 1990s, with the rapid development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the pollutant discharge in northern China has increased. It is urgent to adopt engineering measures to enhance the self-purification capacity of rivers in northern China and achieve sustainable improvement of river water quality. Fluid mechanics and other factors control each other. The factors interact with each other, restrict each other and influence each other. If the experiment is carried out directly to study their self-purification ability, more manpower, material and financial resources are needed. By establishing water quality model based on reactor principle, the degradation and migration of pollutants in water body can be described quantitatively or qualitatively. Based on the study of surface water quality models at home and abroad, the advantages and disadvantages of several common water quality models at home and abroad are compared, and the development of EPA is screened according to the characteristics and current situation of seasonal rivers in northern China. Water quality analysis and simulation model WASP, based on the principle of reactor, establishes a mathematical model for simulating and predicting the seasonal rivers in North China. The original WASP model and the improved WASP model are used to evaluate the influencing mechanism of pollutant removal effect under aeration and constructed wetland respectively. In order to realize the quantification, optimization and decision-making of water environment in river ecological reactor, the water quality analysis and simulation model are carried out. Aeration is an important technology for remediation of polluted rivers. Mathematical model is an important method for predicting and evaluating environmental pollution. In this study, WASP water quality model was used for the first time to evaluate the effect of aeration on river water quality in different periods. The fitting results of the water quality model of the river ecological reactor are basically consistent with the actual monitoring results, which can provide reference for water pollution control projects. With the increase of dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the aerated reach, the water quality has been improved continuously, but the improvement range has been gradually reduced; the difference of aeration effect in different months of the year is significant, and the aeration effect is better from May to September. At present, there is no process-based model to guide the study of surface flow wetlands. In this paper, the WASP model is revised according to the characteristics of wetlands to reflect the impact of wetland plants on water quality and hydrodynamic conditions. A typical river surface flow constructed wetland in the north of China was used to verify the applicability of the river ecological reactor model to simulate the river surface flow wetland and to provide a quantitative method for guiding plant cultivation in the constructed wetland. The removal efficiency of NH3-N by wetland reactor can be improved by increasing the density of wetland plants or planting plants with larger specifications, but the removal efficiency of COD is almost not improved. Economic cost, plant growth environment, control objectives and other factors to formulate a comprehensive design of constructed wetlands, management strategies. This study regards river water as a reactor, screening WASP water quality model as a basic tool for research, and expands the scope of application of the original model to simulate, predict, analyze and verify the applicability of the integrated model. According to the present situation of rivers in northern China, a river ecological reactor water quality model integrated with river aeration or constructed wetland engineering technology is constructed to enrich the expression and application of surface water quality model. The influence reflects the advantages of the model research method, and provides scientific basis for guiding the construction of river ecological restoration project and water pollution control and management decision-making.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X522
本文編號：2211863
[Abstract]:Northern China has a large population, developed industry and agriculture, and a large demand for water for production and living. However, the precipitation is insufficient and unevenly distributed with the seasons. Water shortage is serious in dry season, and the per capita water resources are extremely scarce. Since the 1990s, with the rapid development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the pollutant discharge in northern China has increased. It is urgent to adopt engineering measures to enhance the self-purification capacity of rivers in northern China and achieve sustainable improvement of river water quality. Fluid mechanics and other factors control each other. The factors interact with each other, restrict each other and influence each other. If the experiment is carried out directly to study their self-purification ability, more manpower, material and financial resources are needed. By establishing water quality model based on reactor principle, the degradation and migration of pollutants in water body can be described quantitatively or qualitatively. Based on the study of surface water quality models at home and abroad, the advantages and disadvantages of several common water quality models at home and abroad are compared, and the development of EPA is screened according to the characteristics and current situation of seasonal rivers in northern China. Water quality analysis and simulation model WASP, based on the principle of reactor, establishes a mathematical model for simulating and predicting the seasonal rivers in North China. The original WASP model and the improved WASP model are used to evaluate the influencing mechanism of pollutant removal effect under aeration and constructed wetland respectively. In order to realize the quantification, optimization and decision-making of water environment in river ecological reactor, the water quality analysis and simulation model are carried out. Aeration is an important technology for remediation of polluted rivers. Mathematical model is an important method for predicting and evaluating environmental pollution. In this study, WASP water quality model was used for the first time to evaluate the effect of aeration on river water quality in different periods. The fitting results of the water quality model of the river ecological reactor are basically consistent with the actual monitoring results, which can provide reference for water pollution control projects. With the increase of dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the aerated reach, the water quality has been improved continuously, but the improvement range has been gradually reduced; the difference of aeration effect in different months of the year is significant, and the aeration effect is better from May to September. At present, there is no process-based model to guide the study of surface flow wetlands. In this paper, the WASP model is revised according to the characteristics of wetlands to reflect the impact of wetland plants on water quality and hydrodynamic conditions. A typical river surface flow constructed wetland in the north of China was used to verify the applicability of the river ecological reactor model to simulate the river surface flow wetland and to provide a quantitative method for guiding plant cultivation in the constructed wetland. The removal efficiency of NH3-N by wetland reactor can be improved by increasing the density of wetland plants or planting plants with larger specifications, but the removal efficiency of COD is almost not improved. Economic cost, plant growth environment, control objectives and other factors to formulate a comprehensive design of constructed wetlands, management strategies. This study regards river water as a reactor, screening WASP water quality model as a basic tool for research, and expands the scope of application of the original model to simulate, predict, analyze and verify the applicability of the integrated model. According to the present situation of rivers in northern China, a river ecological reactor water quality model integrated with river aeration or constructed wetland engineering technology is constructed to enrich the expression and application of surface water quality model. The influence reflects the advantages of the model research method, and provides scientific basis for guiding the construction of river ecological restoration project and water pollution control and management decision-making.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X522
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前1條
1 楊家寬,肖波,劉年豐,章北平,李進軍,何歸麗;WASP6水質模型應用于漢江襄樊段水質模擬研究[J];水資源保護;2005年04期
，本文編號：2211863
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