【摘要】：隨著黃河三角洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,黃河三角洲潮間帶地區(qū)的重金屬污染情況日益嚴(yán)重。沉積物作為重金屬污染的源與匯,是水體中重金屬的主要聚集地。本文選擇了一年內(nèi)三個(gè)時(shí)段對(duì)具有代表性的黃河三角洲潮間帶地點(diǎn)的沉積物進(jìn)行采樣,對(duì)沉積物中包括As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb與Zn七種重金屬的賦存形態(tài)進(jìn)行了提取分析,利用Hakanson潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)、SQGs法(沉積物質(zhì)量基準(zhǔn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)法)與RAC值法(risk assessment code)、P值法(次生相與原生相分布比值法)對(duì)沉積物重金屬風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),旨在為合理開發(fā)利用黃河三角洲資源,制定污染防治措施以及流域治理規(guī)劃等提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明,黃河三角洲潮間帶地區(qū)重金屬總量及賦存形態(tài)隨著時(shí)間的變化而變化。其中重金屬總量變化趨勢(shì)為重金屬As與重金屬Cr整體上呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),重金屬Cd與重金屬Zn整體上呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),重金屬Cu與重金屬Ni在總趨勢(shì)上呈現(xiàn)先減小后增大的趨勢(shì),重金屬Pb顯示為先增大后減小的趨勢(shì)。賦存形態(tài)變化趨勢(shì)中重金屬Cd與Pb四種賦存形態(tài)比例變化劇烈,重金屬As、Cr、Cu、Ni與Zn四種賦存形態(tài)比例相對(duì)變化平穩(wěn)。本文根據(jù)四種不同的重金屬風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)方法比較了七種重金屬的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度,并指出各評(píng)價(jià)方法的優(yōu)劣性。根據(jù)Hakanson潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)分析三個(gè)時(shí)期的各金屬元素中Cd潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大,其余次之。根據(jù)沉積物質(zhì)量基準(zhǔn)法分析三個(gè)時(shí)期As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb均有不同程度的中度污染,而重金屬Cd與Zn沒有呈現(xiàn)污染的情況。三個(gè)時(shí)間段RAC風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果為重金屬Cd與Zn風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大,Cu、As、Ni、Pb與Cr具有不同程度的輕度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。P值方法結(jié)果顯示Cd與Pb風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大。綜合分析可以得出,重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀不容樂觀,尤其是重金屬Cd的污染最為嚴(yán)重,重金屬Pb、Zn的污染也不容忽視。本文對(duì)探尋黃河三角洲潮間帶重金屬的來源、評(píng)價(jià)污染現(xiàn)狀、預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響及河流環(huán)境保護(hù)具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in the Yellow River Delta, heavy metal pollution in the intertidal zone of the Yellow River Delta is becoming more and more serious. As a source and sink of heavy metal pollution, sediment is the main accumulation of heavy metals in water. In this paper, three periods of the year were selected to sample the sediments in the typical intertidal zone of the Yellow River Delta, and the occurrence forms of seven heavy metals in the sediments, including Aspergillus crassifolia, NiNiPb and Zn, were extracted and analyzed. The risk of heavy metals in sediments was evaluated by using Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment and RAC value (risk assessment code) P method (ratio of secondary phase to primary phase distribution). The aim is to provide scientific basis for the rational exploitation and utilization of resources in the Yellow River Delta, the formulation of pollution prevention and control measures and the planning of river basin management. The results show that the total amount and occurrence of heavy metals in the intertidal zone of the Yellow River Delta change with time. The variation trend of heavy metal amount is as and Cr, CD and Zn as a whole, and Cu and Ni decrease first and then increase, in the total trend, the heavy metal as and Cr show a downward trend, CD and Zn as a whole show an upward trend, and the heavy metal Cu and Ni decrease first and then increase in the general trend. Heavy metal Pb showed a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing. The proportion of CD and Pb forms changed sharply in the trend of occurrence forms, and the ratio of the four forms of heavy metal AsCrCrCU / Ni and Zn changed steadily. According to four different methods of heavy metal risk assessment, this paper compares the risk degree of seven heavy metals, and points out the merits and demerits of each evaluation method. According to the Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment, CD potential risk was higher in each metal element in three periods, followed by the rest. According to the sediment quality standard method, there was moderate pollution in all three periods, but the heavy metals CD and Zn were not polluted. The results of RAC risk assessment showed that the heavy metal CD and Zn had a higher risk. The results of the method showed that the risk of CD and Pb was higher. The comprehensive analysis shows that the status of heavy metal pollution is not optimistic, especially the pollution of heavy metal CD is the most serious, and the pollution of heavy metal Pb, Zn can not be ignored. This paper is of great practical significance in exploring the sources of heavy metals in the intertidal zone of the Yellow River Delta, evaluating the present pollution situation, predicting the impact on the ecosystem and protecting the river environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52

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